Chinese History

Chinese History History of the Three Kingdoms Shu History Jian Yong (c. 168–234), courtesy name Xianhe, was an General and Official who serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Jian Yong served under Liu Bei as one his Early Follower along with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. He continue serve as a official and Regent of the state of Shu Han founded by Liu Bei during the Three Kingdom period Jian Yong was also known for being a very persuasive speaker and for his good preserve personality.and his intelligence can be compare to Zhuge Liang he is also know for good foresight observe many prospect between battle Military and Government affair that is noted by Zhuge Liang and his roles helping Liu Bei to Laid the Foundation of Shu Han Early Life Jian Yong was a native of Zhuo commandery (涿郡), which is in present-day Zhuo but in his native You Province (Zhuo commandery was in You Province), Jian Yong was a old friend of Liu Bei he join Liu Bei when yellow turban rebellion broke out Service under Liu Bei Yellow Turban Rebellion Anti Dong Zhuo Coalition Recommending Gan Xin Battle of Xiapi Battle of Guan Du Red Cliffs Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of The Red Cliffs Liu Bei's Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Territorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Conflict with Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wu Zhang Plain Death Appraisal Jian Yong was Know to be strong and dedicated to his Lord and for his preserve personality and for his foresight and his good observance skill when Zhuge Liang recommended Jian Yong in important office and told Liu Bei Jian Yong is a man with great talent and can be compare to Xiao He and have giving you another great talent such as Gan Xin who talent match Han Xin Family and descendant Jian Yong had a son Jian Zhang inherit his marquis title he was kill in action defending Shu from Wei Jian Zhang had a Son name Jian Xing who serve as a official of The Jin Dynasty

Chen Zhen (c. 175–235), Courtesy Name Xiaoqi was a Official serve under Warlord Liu Bei During the Late Han Dynasty he formerly serve under Warlord Yuan Shao before come to serve Liu Bei and he continue a official and Regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdom Period Chen Zhen was commonly describe by historian to be a Calm and cruel vile man but a loyal and courageous intuviual Early Life Service under Yuan Shao Battle of Guandu Service under Liu Bei The Red Cliff Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of the Red Cliff Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Service under Liu Shan Reestablish the Sun Liu Alliance Zhuge Northern Expedion Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Chang An and Mt Qi Battle of Wei River Battle of Wuzhang Plain Death Family Chen Zhen had a Son name Chen Ji who inherit posistion and title after his Father Death Chen Zhen had another son name Chen Yan and had simler behavior as but unlike his Father is more decisive and ruthless and commit a offence and was exile Chen Ji had two son name Chen Lu and Chen Chu

Zhang Yi (c. 183–264), courtesy name Bogong, was a Military General of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period he was known to be steadfast brave officer under Shu he was a very steadfast General He died fighting the Wei Army to the Warrior death earning value and Praise from The Former Shu Emperor Liu Shan even Cao Wei Regent Sima Zhao and Warlord Liu Deng Early Life Service under Liu Zhang Meeting Zhang Fei Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Service under Liu Bei The Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Combat against the Wu General Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of the Han River Conflict with Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Serving as a Vanguard in Zhuge Liang Northern Expeditions After he returned to the capital Chengdu, Zhang Yi was selected by Zhuge Liang as the latter's Front-Commander during one of his northern expeditions against Shu's rival state, Cao Wei. He was also made the designated Governor of Fufeng. Later life After Zhuge Liang's death, Zhang Yi received the post of Front-Leader (the Front-Commander was supposed to be a temporary post created for an expedition, while the Front-Leader served as a regular or permanent counterpart of the former). Since then, he was tasked with the defense of Jiangwei commandery, whict sits on the border between Shu and Wei.

When the general Jiang Wei urged for an assault on the Wei-controlled Didao county (狄道, present-day Lintao County, Gansu), Zhang Yi controverted, stating Shu was small and its citizens were exhausted — it was unwise to wage war continuously. Jiang Wei annulled Zhang's concern, and Liu Shan acquiesced in the war plan Jiang Wei had prepared. Then, the careworn Zhang Yi was promoted to "Senior General Who Guards the West" (鎮西大將軍) and was "recommended" by Jiang Wei to join the operation. Nevertheless, they did break Wang Jing's army at Tao River, and dealt the enemy a loss up to tens of thousands.

At this juncture, Zhang Yi again advised Jiang Wei to acquit the campaign and return, so the deed could be retained. However, the annoyed Jiang Wei related his wish to add a punch line to the novel by citing a parable/idiom of Chu people adding feet to the drawing of a snake (為蛇畫足; a Chinese idiom which has the same meaning as "to gild the lily". It is unlikely Jiang Wei did not understand the meaning of the idiom he used.) Ironically, Jiang Wei's campaign fitted the idiom exactly when Shu-Han army could not breach the city of Didao. Since then, Jiang Wei bore a grudge against Zhang Yi, but he brought the latter with him every time he battled Wei; Zhang Yi had no choice but to accompany his commander.[2] Fall of Shu Using the pretext of Jiang Wei's frequent invasion, the Wei regent Sima Zhao ordered his generals Zhong Hui and Deng Ai to conquer Shu once and for all. Zhang Yi was thus sent by Liu Shan to assist the defence of Yang'an.[3] There, he and general Dong Jue were swiftly defeated by Zhong Hui, and they were forced to retreat to Jiange (劍閣, present-day Jiange County, Sichuan). When the duo arrived their destination, they only learnt Jiang Wei was also defeated by Deng Ai, and was on his way to Jiange. Perceiving the great pass of Jiange as the last gate into Chengdu, they persevered a staunch defence, and managed to hold the advance of Zhong Hui.

However, Deng Ai adroitly slithered 350 km through a nearly impassible route to bypass Jiange and attacked the unprepared city of Jiangyou. After Jiangyou was lost and the defensive forces under Zhuge Zhan were totally crushed in Mianzhu Pass, Liu Shan relinquished the defence of Chengdu and surrendered. Zhang Yi followed Jiang Wei to surrender to Zhong Hui in November 263. Death Within two months, Zhong Hui suddenly revolted under the influence of Jiang Wei, but the two men were butchered by the Wei soldiers who did not cater to their caprice. As a consequence, the disturbance burgeoned into a catastrophe in which the northerners razed the city of Chengdu, and Zhang Yi choose to die a warrior death and honer himself as a general of Shu and was killed.after his death he was bury in Yi Province Liu Shan arrange a funeral to Honer him for Loyalty and bravery to Shu Descendent Zhang Yi had Four Son Zhang Wei not much record about him Zhang Ji serve as general of the Jin Dynasty Zhang Hao his who serve as a politician for the Yin Dynasty another Son name Zhang Dian who serve as a Imperial Attendant for For the Jin Dynasty Zhang Dian had a son name Zhang Zhi serve as a general under warring state powerful warlord Cao Chong Zhang Zhi had a son name Zhang Xi and serve under Yuan Gong his Descendant was Zhang Xian who serve under Guan Xiu during the Xiangyu War Period Zhang Yi Relation with Zhang Fei Zhang Yi build up a close relation with Zhang Fei and became close friend at one time

Sun Qian (c. 175–229), courtesy name Gongyou, was an official serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Know to be a lawful official and respected by Liu Bei Early Life and Career Sun Qian was a native of Beihai (北海) commandery, whose capital was around present-day Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong. He was recommended by Zheng Xuan[2] to serve under Liu Bei as an Assistant Officer (從事) when Liu Bei succeeded Tao Qian as the Governor (牧) of Xu Province in 194. He remained service Liu Bei since then.[3]

In 198, when Liu Bei was planning to break free of Cao Cao's control by leaving the capital Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), he sent Sun Qian and Mi Zhu to secretly contact Cao's rivals Yuan Shao and Liu Biao and form alliances with them. After Yuan Shao's death in 202, Liu Biao once wrote to Yuan Shao's third son and successor, Yuan Shang, and mentioned the rivalry between Yuan Shang and his eldest brother Yuan Tan. Liu Biao wrote: "Whenever I discussed this issue (the rivalry between you and your brother) with General Liu (Liu Bei) and Sun Gongyou, I feel very upset and heartbroken." Sun Qian was held in high regard by Liu Bei and even Liu Biao. Red Cliff Campaign Battle of Changban Battle of The Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Descendant Sun Qian had two Son one is name Sun Zhen who serve as a Military General for Shu Han his other son Sun Rui serve as a Minister for Shu Han Sun Zhen had son name Sun Hong he serve as a Politician for The Jin Dynasty his Descendant Sun Fei became a famous General during in the Tang Dynasty

Huang Zhong (147–229), courtesy name Hansheng, was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He also is a Military General of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdom Period He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219, in which his force routed that of an enemy general, Xiahou Yuan, who was killed in action during the raid.

Early Life Huang Zhong was a native of Nanyang commandery (present-day Nanyang, Henan). He initially served as a "General of the Household" (中郎將) under Liu Biao, the Governor (牧) of Jing Province. He was tasked to defend Changsha commandery (長沙郡) with Liu Biao's nephew Liu Pan. Liu Biao died in 208 and his successor, Liu Cong, surrendered Jing Province to the warlord Cao Cao. Huang Zhong was appointed as an acting Major-General (裨將軍) and he continued serving in Changsha under Han Xuan, the commandery's new Administrator (太守).[2] Service under Liu Bei Following Cao Cao's defeat at the Battle of Red Cliffs in the same year, the victorious allied forces of Liu Bei and Sun Quan were gradually taking over the various commanderies in southern Jing Province, including Changsha. Huang Zhong actively urged Han Xuan to surrender to Liu Bei, who held strong influence in the province. Han Xuan agreed and Huang Zhong came to serve Liu Bei. Since his appointment at Jiameng (葭萌), Huang Zhong had performed well in Liu Bei's conquest of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) from 212 to 215 — he was often the first to scale the walls of enemy cities and the first to charge into enemy formations. After Yi Province was taken, Huang Zhong was promoted to "General Who Attacks Rebels" (討虜將軍).[3] Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Dingjun In 217, Liu Bei started the Hanzhong Campaign to seize control of Hanzhong commandery, which was under Cao Cao's control. His force met with resistance led by Xiahou Yuan at Yangping Pass. The confrontation dragged on for more than a year until one night in 219, when Liu Bei set fire to the barbed fence around Xiahou Yuan's camp at the foot of Mount Dingjun. Alarmed by the attack, Xiahou Yuan sent Zhang He to defend the eastern corner of the camp while he guarded the south. Liu Bei's main force pressed against Zhang He, outmatching the latter. Xiahou Yuan thus despatched a fraction of his own troops to Zhang He's rescue. Huang Zhong rallied his men and, accompanied by thundering drums, they descended upon Xiahou Yuan's dwindling force. The battle became a rout and Xiahou Yuan was killed in action. The victory at Mount Dingjun was a major stepping stone to the later conquest of Hanzhong. Huang Zhong was promoted to "General Who Attacks the West" (征西將軍) for his contributions in the Hanzhong Campaign.[4]

In the same year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself "King of Hanzhong" (漢中王), a symbolic move comparing himself to Emperor Gao (the founder of the Han Dynasty). He wanted to appoint Huang Zhong as "General of the Rear" (後將軍), placing the latter on the same level as three other senior generals: Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao. However, Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei, "Huang Zhong's fame is far from that of Guan Yu and Ma Chao. If they are all given equal status, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao will probably not object because they have been with Huang Zhong all this while and have witnessed his contributions, but Guan Yu is stationed far away and he may not agree with this arrangement." Liu Bei said, "I'll handle this myself." He still elevated all the four generals to the same status. Huang Zhong also received the title of a "Secondary Marquis" (關內侯).[5]

Decensdant Huang Zhong had a son name Huang Xu Inherit his Father Position and rank Huang Xu pass away at 253 Huang Xu was succeaded By his Son Huang Fu

Ma Chao (176–234),[1][2] courtesy name Mengqi, was a military general and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and a General of the State of Shu Han during the early Three Kingdoms period. He was know for his Bravery at At one of Northern Expedition led by Zhuge Liang he also appears as a prominent character in Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, as one of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei.

Early Life and Family background Ma Chao was a native of Maoling (茂陵), Youfufeng (右扶風), which is located northeast of present-day Xingping, Shaanxi. He was the eldest son of Ma Teng and a descendant of Ma Yuan.[Sanguozhi zhu 1] Ma Teng, along with Han Sui and others, were warlords who held considerable influence in Liang Province in the Guanzhong region (in northwestern China), and they were reluctant to submit to the Han Dynasty's rule. In 192, Ma Teng accepted the title of "General Who Attacks the West" (征西將軍) from the Han court and garrisoned his army at Mei (郿). However, he rebelled later and attacked the city of Chang'an but failed to conquer it so he retreated back to Liang Province.[Sanguozhi 1]

Early career[edit] In 197, the warlord Cao Cao (who had become the de facto head of government in the Han imperial court) placed Zhong Yao, the Director of Retainers (司隷校尉), in charge of guarding the Guanzhong region. Zhong Yao wrote to Ma Teng and Han Sui, explaining to them the benefits of submitting to the Han court and the negative consequences of not doing so.[Sanguozhi 2] When Cao Cao later became the Chancellor (丞相), he wanted to recruit Ma Chao to serve in the Han government, but Ma refused.[Sanguozhi zhu 2]

In 202, when Cao Cao was on a series of campaigns to unify northern China after his victory over Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu two years ago, he ordered Zhong Yao to attack Yuan's allies Gao Gan and Guo Yuan in Pingyang (平陽). Ma Teng sent Ma Chao to assist Zhong Yao, and Ma Chao became an "Assistant Officer Who Supervises the Army" (督軍從事) under Zhong. During the battle, Ma Chao was hit by a stray arrow in the foot, but he wrapped his foot in a pouch and continued fighting. His subordinate Pang De slew Guo Yuan and they defeated the enemy.[Sanguozhi zhu 3][Sanguozhi 3]

Later, Ma Teng had disagreements with Han Sui, so he requested to leave Liang Province and work in the capital. He was granted permission and was appointed "Minister of the Guards" (衞尉) by the Han court. Ma Chao was appointed as a Lieutenant-General (偏將軍), granted the title of "Marquis of a Chief Village" (都亭侯), and placed in charge of his father's troops in Liang Province.[Sanguozhi 4] Ma Chao's younger brothers Ma Xiu and Ma Tie were appointed as "Commandant of Equipage" (奉車都尉) and "Commandant of Iron Cavalry" (鐵騎都尉) respectively, and were ordered to bring all their family members with them to Ye (鄴). Only Ma Chao remained behind in Liang Province.[Sanguozhi zhu 4]

Uprising against the Han Dynasty[edit] Battle of Tong Pass[edit] Main article: Battle of Tong Pass (211) In 211, Cao Cao sent Zhong Yao and Xiahou Yuan to lead an army to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. They were due to pass through the Guanzhong region along the way, and Ma Chao suspected that Cao Cao was planning to attack him, so he contacted Han Sui to form an alliance. He said to Han Sui, "Previously, Zhong Yao ordered me to harm you. Now, I know that the people from Guandong (east of Tong Pass) cannot be trusted. Now, I abandon my father, and I'm willing to acknowledge you as my father. You should also abandon your son, and treat me like your son." Han Sui's subordinate Yan Xing urged his superior not to cooperate with Ma Chao but Han still agreed to the alliance.[Sanguozhi zhu 5] Ma Chao also contacted Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Cheng Yi, Hou Xuan, Cheng Yin, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Ma Wan (馬玩) and others, and they formed a 100,000 strong coalition army to attack Tong Pass (present-day Tongguan County, Shaanxi).[Sanguozhi 5][Sanguozhi zhu 6] Liu Zhang, the governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), wanted to marry his daughter to Ma Chao to build ties with Ma, but Wang Shang (王商), the Administrator of Shu commandery (蜀郡) under Liu Zhang, opposed the idea, saying that Ma Chao was courageous but inhumane and untrustworthy.[Sanguozhi 6]

Cao Cao led an army to Tong Pass to attack Ma Chao and the coalition, culminating in the Battle of Tong Pass. After both sides clashed in a few engagements, Cao Cao had talks with Ma Chao and Han Sui. Ma Chao thought highly of himself and secretly harboured the intention of dashing forth and capturing Cao Cao when they met. However, he did not dare to make his move when Cao Cao's bodyguard, Xu Chu, glared at him. Cao Cao later followed Jia Xu's strategy to sow discord between Ma Chao and Han Sui, making them become suspicious of each other. Taking advantage of the hostility between Ma Chao and Han Sui, Cao Cao launched an attack on the northwestern warlords and defeated them.[Sanguozhi 7][Sanguozhi zhu 7]

Earlier on, when Cao Cao's forces were at Puban (蒲阪) and were planning to cross the Wei River and head west, Ma Chao told Han Sui, "We should resist them at the north of the Wei River. Within 20 days, their supply stores on the east of the river will be depleted, after which they will definitely retreat." However, Han Sui rejected his idea and said, "We should send our forces to engage the enemy on the river. Isn't this more direct?" When Cao Cao heard of Ma Chao's plan, he remarked, "If the young horse[notes 1] doesn't die, I cannot have a proper burial place."[Sanguozhi zhu 8]

Battles in Guanzhong[edit] Main articles: Siege of Jicheng and Battle of Lucheng Ma Chao retreated further west after his defeat at Tong Pass. Cao Cao pursued him to Anding (安定) but gave up on the pursuit and headed east after receiving news about unrest in northern China. Yang Fu warned Cao Cao, "Ma Chao has the courage of Han Xin and Ying Bu, and he has the support of the Qiang and Rong peoples. If we retreat now and don't station defences here, we'll forfeit all the territories in this area." After Cao Cao left, as Yang Fu predicted, Ma Chao led the various tribes in the region to attack the commanderies and counties in Guanzhong, while the people responded to his call and joined him in the revolt. Ma Chao killed Wei Kang (韋康), the Inspector (刺史) of Liang Province, and seized control of Jicheng (兾城) and forced Wei Kang's subordinates to submit to him. He then declared himself "General Who Attacks the West" (征西將軍) and Governor (牧) of Bing Province, and took charge of military affairs in Liang Province.[Sanguozhi 8]

Wei Kang's former subordinates — Yang Fu, Jiang Xu (姜叙), Liang Kuan (梁寬), Zhao Qu (趙衢) and others — were unhappy with Ma Chao so they plotted to get rid of him. Yang Fu and Jiang Xu rebelled against Ma Chao in Lucheng (鹵城), while the others in Jicheng pretended to urge Ma to suppress the revolt. Ma Chao followed their advice and led an army to attack Lucheng but could not conquer the city. When he returned to Jicheng, he saw that Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu had closed the city gates and barred him from entering.[Sanguozhi 9] Zhao Qu and the others also killed Ma Chao's family in Jicheng.[Sanguozhi 10]

About a year after Ma Chao rebelled against the Han imperial court, Emperor Xian issued a decree ordering the execution of Ma Chao's family members in Ye (鄴).[Sanguozhi zhu 9]

Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong, where he borrowed troops from the warlord Zhang Lu, and returned to attack those who drove him out of Guanzhong. He besieged Jiang Xu, Zhao Ang (趙昂) and their allies at Mount Qi (祁山) for about 30 days until reinforcements led by Cao Cao's generals Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He showed up and lifted the siege.[Sanguozhi 11][Sanguozhi zhu 10]

Service under Zhang Lu[edit] Ma Chao returned to Hanzhong after his defeat at Mount Qi and sought shelter under Zhang Lu.[Sanguozhi 12] Zhang Lu planned to marry his daughter to Ma Chao, but one of Zhang's aides advised him against it, saying, "If a person cannot even love his family and relatives, can he still love others?" Zhang Lu then aborted his plan.[Sanguozhi zhu 11]

On one New Year's Day, a relative of Ma Chao (who had also escaped to Hanzhong) came to visit him. Ma Chao beat his chest, coughed blood, and said to his relative, "A big family with over a hundred members all sharing the same fate in one day. Now, are there only the two of us to give greetings to each other?"[Sanguozhi zhu 12]

Ma Chao constantly asked Zhang Lu to give him some troops to attack Liang Province. Zhang Lu agreed, but Ma Chao failed to make any gains from the campaign. Yang Bai (楊白), an officer under Zhang Lu, was jealous of Ma Chao's ability and wanted to harm the latter. When Ma Chao heard that, he escaped from Wudu (武都) and went to live with the Di people around the area.[Sanguozhi zhu 13] Service under Liu Bei[edit] Around 214, the warlord Liu Bei was fighting for control over Yi Province with the provincial governor Liu Zhang. Ma Chao felt that Zhang Lu was not capable of making great achievements and was also distrustful of him, so he planned to defect to Liu Bei. When he heard that Liu Bei was besieging Liu Zhang in Chengdu (the capital of Yi Province), he wrote a secret letter to Liu Bei, expressing his desire to serve the latter. Liu Bei was pleased to receive Ma Chao's letter and he exclaimed, "Yi Province is mine." He then sent Li Hui to meet Ma Chao and provide supplies and additional troops to Ma, after which Ma led his forces to the north of Chengdu and joined in the siege. Within ten days of Ma Chao's arrival, Liu Zhang gave up resistance and surrendered to Liu Bei.[Sanguozhi 13][Sanguozhi 14][Sanguozhi zhu 14] Peng Yang's case[edit] When Peng Yang (彭羕) was appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Jiangyang (江陽) and was about to leave Chengdu to assume office, he visited Ma Chao and said, "You're in charge of external affairs while I'm in charge of internal affairs. We can pacify the Empire." Ma Chao had recently joined Liu Bei's forces and he was often fearful that he would get into trouble. When he heard Peng Yang's speech, he was shocked and did not reply. After Peng Yang left, Ma Chao reported Peng's speech, which resulted in Peng's arrest and imprisonment. Peng Yang was later executed.[Sanguozhi 17] Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Dingjun After occupying Yi Province, Liu Bei appointed Ma Chao as "General Who Pacifies the West" (平西將軍) and put him in charge of Linju (臨沮), which was in accordance with Ma's title of "Marquis of a Chief Village". Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao in the Hanzhong Campaign in 219 and declared himself "King of Hanzhong" (漢中王), after which he appointed Ma Chao as "General of the Left" (左將軍).[Sanguozhi 15] Service under Shu Han In 221, Liu Bei declared himself "Emperor of Shu Han" and appointed Ma Chao as "General of Agile Cavalry" (驃騎將軍) and Governor (牧) of Liang Province. Ma Chao also received the title of "Marquis of Tai District" (斄鄉侯). Liu Bei's edict read: "I am unworthy, but I have ascended the throne to preserve the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao and Cao Pi will be remembered for their sins. I am disconsolate by their wrongdoings. The people loathe them and hope that the Han Dynasty will be restored, such that the Di, Qiang, Xunyu and other ethnic minorities will be willing to join us. The northerners look up to you and your valour is well known among them. I have an important task for you: I hope you will use your influence to govern the northern border well and bring prosperity to the people there. You must show the benefits of the our government and be impartial in rewarding the good and punishing the evil. You have the blessings of the Han emperors and you must not let the people down."[Sanguozhi 16] Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Partake Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Death[edit] Ma Chao died in 234 at the age of 59 due to illness in the Camp. Before his death, he wrote to Zhuge Liang: "Over 200 members of my family were killed by Cao Cao. I only have my cousin Ma Dai and my son Ma Cheng left with me. They will be the one to continue my family line and . I entrust him to His Excellecy's care. That is all I have to say." In 260, Liu Shan granted Ma Chao the posthumous title of "Marquis Wei" (威侯).[Sanguozhi 18][Sanguozhi 19]

Liao Hua (180-264), courtesy name Yuanjian, was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.he begin his Carear under Warlord Liu Bei in the late Han Dynasty Liao Hua was value asset for Shu he fought numerous of  Battle for Liu Bei he was praise for many his best battle such as Jing Province Fan Castle  and Xiaoting also praise for many particpate of Zhuge Liang Northern Campaign achieve Victory and repel Wei Invasion that are led by Cao Shuang Zhuge Liang noted him to be compare to Guan Yu who he was close to Neverless Liao Hua was bravery was recognize he even recive praise from Sima Zhao  while dying fighting the Wei Army Early Life Service under Liu Bei Assisting Guan Yu at Jing Battle of Fan Castle Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain Later Life Liao Hua was critical of the Shu general Jiang Wei, who continued Zhuge Liang's aggressive foreign policy against Wei by launching a series of campaigns to attack Wei between 247 and 262. In 262, when Jiang Wei led Shu forces to attack a Wei garrison at Didao (狄道), Liao Hua remarked, "'One who does not refrain from using military force will end up burning himself.' I'm referring to Boyue (Jiang Wei). He is lesser than the enemy in terms of intelligence and military power but yet he keeps attacking them. How can he expect to overcome them? The events of today are exactly as described in this line from the Classic of Poetry: 'Why were these things not before me? Or why were they not after me?'"[5]

Zhang Rui (165-239), courtesy name Shaoguang was a military general who serve under Warlord Liu Bei during the Late Han Dynasty he formerly serve under Ding Yuan Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu before serving Liu Bei Zhang Rui fought many battle under Liu Bei Banner he continue to serve under the State of Shu Han that was Founded by Liu Bei in 221 until his death Early Life Service under Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo Service under Lu Bu Battle of Xiapi Service under Liu Bei Red Ciffs Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain Death

Chen Dao (175-243), courtesy name Shuzhi was a Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Bei During the Late Han Dynasty he skill and Bravery can be compare to Liu other General Zhao Yun he was also known for his strict personality he improve many solider Military ability Under Liu Bei Banner and Fought many battle under Liu and greatly remember today for personal view in Military Law Early Life Service under Liu Bei Red Cliffs Campaign Battle of Changban Battle of The Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain

Gan Xin (169-234), courtesy name Xianzong was a Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Bei in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty he is also Liu Bei brother in Law his Sister Lady Gan marry to Liu Bei he served under Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu before joinning Liu Bei his talent are smiler to Han Xin who serve under Liu Bang the Founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty he continue to serve under Shu Han durring the Three Kingdoms period that was Founded By Liu Bei Gan Xin Had also partake northern campaign that was led Zhuge Liang  he was killed by Yang Yi troop whom accused him of alleged treason on Gan Xin But when Yang Yi died he received Posthomous reburial with and Liu Shan to give posthumous name Gan Xin as Marquis and given the tiles "Marquis Zhong mean Loyal Marquis Early Life Gan Xin was from Pei county and live a poor life when his father kick him out of their household and often relies other for meal Gan Xin study military strategy when he was young when he suffer from hunger his younger sister Lady Gan provide food for him  after that Gan Xin tell his sister that will he repay her once he made a great Achivement in life and help his family live a comfort life Lady Gan rebluff him about his remark Gan Xin soon left his hometown to become a general  in  went to serve under Dong Zhuo Service under Dong Zhuo Dong Zhuo a Tyrant Warlord who seize power from Han Imperial Court Gan Xin felt that he serving a lord who does not not recognize his talent and consider Dong Zhuo as a dictator and would not support the people he soon serve under Lu Bu when Lu Bu assasinated Dong Zhuo Service under Lu Bu Gan Xin wander around with Lu Bu and went to attack Puyang a home base to Cao Cao a minor warlord who launch a massive attack on Xu Province Gan Xin propose a stratergy to Lu Bu to repel Cao Cao but Lu Bu was not impress of Gan Xin and did not heed his advice and decided to leave Lu Bu felt that his talent was going to wasted Service under Liu Bei Gan Xin met Liu Bei when Liu Bei was appointed as Govenor of Xu Province after the previous Governor of Xu Province Tao Qian died Gan Xin felt Liu Bei was extortnary would bring peace to the Empire and join him Jian Yong a official of Liu Bei recognize Gan Xin talent and recomanded Gan Xin to Liu Bei and was treated well Gan Xin propose a Stratergy to Liu Bei to trap Lu Bu and kill him as he notice that Lu Bu might seize Xu Province from Liu Bei but Liu Bei refuse out of consicity Gan Xin felt that his talent was going to waste and plan to leave Liu Bei but Jian Yong stop him and convict him to stay and told Gan Xin the reason why he did not heed your advice that he would not have the heart to kill Lu Bu but assure you that your talent will not go to waste after that Gan Xin remain in Liu Bei service afterward Gan Xin's Younger Sister lady Gan marry to Liu Bei just after Liu Bei became governor of Xu Province Lady Gan was known for enormous beauty and greatly favor by Liu Bei Liu Bei build a statue of her of showing his affection to her but lady Gan convict Liu Bei to have it remove as she does not want arise of jealousy among Liu Bei other Concubines Conflict with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei Gan Xin had major feud with Liu Bei,s General Guan Yu and Zhang Fei and insult him for acting so confine just because he was Liu Bei Brother in law Gan Xin felt ashamed and began to starve himself Lady Gan scolded Guan Yu and Zhang Fei for their behavior toward Gan Xin and order them to apologize to Gan Xin Battle of Xiapi Red Cliffs Campaign Battle of Changban Battle of The Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain Downfall and Death Family Gan Xin had two brother name Gan Zhang and Gan Wei serve as general under Liu Bei Gan Xin had a son name Gan Zan Who inherit his Marquis titles after Gan Xin name was clear

Lu Zan (c. 194–280), Courtesy name Fengguang was a Military General of the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period he was the Son of Lu Bu when his Father Died he live in fragile life he start his career as a general At Sixteen he First Serve under Cao Cao later Defect to Sun Jian later Join Liu Bei and Become a prominent General of Shu Han and he serve both Wei and Wu and his Service under Shu was the Longest and well remember to serve each kingdoms he also serve under the Yin Dynasty he left his post under Yin and Serve the Jin Dynasty he serve under all the three kingdom and serve under the Yin Dynasty and Jin Dynasty that ended the Three Kingdom Period Early Life and Childhood Early Career Service under Cao Cao and Sun Jian Service under Liu Bei Later Life and Service under the Yin and Jin Dynasty Family Lu Zan had three son one name Lu Xing who he inherit Marquis Titles Another son name Lu Zhu serve as a palace attendant under the Yin Dynasty Lu Feng who serve as a Military officer under the Jin Dynasty and as a subordinate under Wen Jiao

Gao Hong (c. 167–236), Courtesy name Wenzhao was a Military General of the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period he start his career under Warlord Tao Qian before joining Liu Bei after Tao Qian Death

Yuchi Rong (c.172–238), Courtesy name Zhaowu was a Military General of the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period

Xu Fei (c. 155–231), Courtesy name Gongcheng was a Politician of the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period

Xie Guang (c. 171–240), Courtesy name Jingan was a Military General of the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period

Liang Wen (c. 162–232), Courtesy Name Hongwen was a official who serve under Warlord Liu Bei during the Late Han Dynasty Early Life Service under Liu Bei

Xiahou Rang (c. 176–250 ), courtesy name Jinghuai was a Official of The state Shu Han the Three Kingdoms Period

Huo Xiang (c. 165–231), Courtesy name Taizhong was a Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty he continue to serve under the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period he was regard as mighty warrior and highly value by Liu Bei his might was compare to Lu Bu unlike Lu Bu Huo Xiang was known to have a sharp mind and was a intelligence and loyal person who alway performs his duty without fail and does not alway relied his might Early Life Service under Liu Bei Conflict with Lu Bu Battle of Xiapi Red Ciffs Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Death

Huo Wen (c. 153–235), Courtesy name Mingde was a Official of the State of Shu Han during three kingdom Period Early Life Service under Liu Bei Red Ciffs Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain

Xiao Lang (c. 173–245), Courtesy name Zhongyun was a Military General who serve under warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty he was known To serve as Liu Bei bodyguard and alway protect his lord from danger whether Liu Bei other general like Guan Yu or Zhang Fei are not around to protect him he continue to serve under the State of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Liu Bei Battle of Xiapi Red Ciffs Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of Red Cliffs Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province Battle of Luo Castle Battle of Chengdu Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Jing Province Hanzhong Campaign Battle of Mt Tiandong Battle of Mt Dingjun Battle of Han River Conflict against Wu Battle of Xiaoting Battle of Badi Castle Service under Liu Shan Nanzhong Campaign Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Battle of Jieting Battle of Jianwei and Chencang Battle of Wuzhang Plain Death

Liu Shiwen (c. 165–230), courtesy name Xuzong was a Military General of the State of Shu Han Early Life

Liu Yu (c. 187–258), courtesy name Dezhao was a Military General of the state of Shu Han Early Life

Yue Guang (c. 168–228), courtesy name Huizong a Military General of the state of Shu Han Early Life

Wei and Jin History Cao Cao (c. 155–220), courtesy name Mengde, was a warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty who rose to great power in the final years of the dynasty. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Wu of Wei". Although he is often portrayed as a cruel and merciless tyrant, Cao Cao has also been praised as a brilliant ruler and military genius who treated his subordinates like his family. He was also skilled in poetry and martial arts and wrote many war journals. Early Life Cao Cao was born in Qiao (present-day Bozhou, Anhui) in 155. His father Cao Song was a foster son of Cao Teng, who in turn was one of the favourite eunuchs of Emperor Huan. Some historical records, including the Biography of Cao Man, claim that Cao Song's original family name was Xiahou.

Cao was known for his craftiness as an adolescent. According to the Biography of Cao Man, Cao Cao's uncle complained to Cao Song about Cao Cao's indulgence in hunting and music with Yuan Shao. In retaliation, Cao Cao feigned a fit before his uncle, who immediately rushed to inform Cao Song. When Cao Song went to see his son, Cao Cao behaved normally. When asked, Cao Cao replied, "I have never had a fit, but I lost the love of my uncle, and therefore he deceived you." Afterwards, Cao Song ceased to believe his brother regarding Cao Cao, and thus Cao Cao became even more blatant and insistent in his wayward pursuits.

At that time, there was a man named Xu Shao who lived in Runan and was famous for his ability to evaluate a person's potentials and talents. Cao Cao paid him a visit in hopes of receiving an evaluation that would help him politically. At first, Xu Shao refused to make a statement; however, under persistent questioning, he finally said, "You would be a capable minister in peaceful times and an unscrupulous hero in chaotic times."[2] Cao Cao laughed and left. There are two other versions of this comment in other unofficial historical records.

Statue of Cao Cao in Wuhan, Hubei Province At the age of 20, Cao Cao was appointed district captain of Luoyang. Upon taking up the post, he placed rows of multicolored stakes outside his office and ordered his deputies to flog those who violated the law, regardless of their status. An uncle of Jian Shuo, one of the most powerful and influential eunuchs under Emperor Ling, was caught walking in the city after the evening curfew by Cao Cao's men and was flogged. This prompted Jian Shuo and other higher authorities to ostensibly promote Cao Cao to the post of governor of Dunqiu County while actually moving him out of the imperial capital. Cao Cao remained in this position for little more than a year, being dismissed from office in 178 for his distant family ties with the disgraced Empress Song.[3] Around 180, Cao Cao returned to court as a Consultant (議郎) and presented two memoranda against the eunuchs' influence in court and government corruption during his tenure, to limited effect.[4]

When the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in 184, Cao Cao was recalled to Luoyang and appointed Captain of the Cavalry and was by follow by Xiahou Dun and Xiahou Yuan (騎都尉) and sent to Yingchuan in Yu Province to suppress the rebels. He was successful and was sent to Ji'nan (濟南) as Chancellor (相) to prevent the spread of Yellow Turban influence there. In Ji'nan, Cao Cao aggressively enforced the ban on unorthodox cults, destroyed shrines, and supported state Confucianism. He offended the local leading families in the process, and resigned on grounds of poor health around 187, fearing that he had put his family in danger.[5] He was offered the post of Administrator of Dong Commandery (東郡), but he declined and returned to his home in Pei County. Around that time, Wang Fen (王芬) tried to recruit Cao Cao to join his coup to replace Emperor Ling with the Marquis of Hefei, but Cao Cao refused. The plot came to nothing, and Wang Fen killed himself.[6]

Alliance against Dong Zhuo Main article: Campaign against Dong Zhuo After 18 months in retirement, Cao Cao returned to the capital Luoyang in 188. That year, he was appointed Colonel Who Arranges the Army (典軍校尉), fourth of eight heads of a newly established imperial army, the Army of the Western Garden. The effectiveness of this new force never became known, since it was disbanded the next year.[7]

In 189, Emperor Ling died and was succeeded by his eldest son (Emperor Shao), although state power was mainly in the hands of Empress Dowager He and others. The empress dowager's brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, plotted with Yuan Shao to eliminate the Ten Attendants (a group of influential eunuchs in the imperial court). He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo, a seasoned general of Liang Province, to lead his army into Luoyang to pressure the empress dowager to surrender power, despite accusations of Dong's "infamy". Before Dong Zhuo arrived, He Jin was assassinated by the eunuchs and Luoyang was thrown into chaos as Yuan Shao's supporters fought the eunuchs. Dong Zhuo's army easily rid the palace grounds of opposition. After he deposed Emperor Shao, Dong Zhuo placed the puppet Emperor Xian on the throne, as he deemed that Emperor Xian was more capable than the original puppet Emperor Shao.

After rejecting Dong Zhuo's appointment, Cao Cao left Luoyang for Chenliu (southeast of present-day Kaifeng, Henan, Cao's hometown), where he built his army with Xiahou Dun and Xiahou Yuan. The next year, regional warlords formed a military alliance under Yuan Shao against Dong. Cao Cao joined them, becoming one of the few actively fighting members of the coalition. The coalition fell apart after months of inactivity, and China fell into civil war while Dong Zhuo was killed in 192 by Lü Bu. Rise of Power Cao Cao Invasion of Xu Province Through short-term and regional-scale wars, Cao Cao continued to expand his power. In 193, Cao massacred thousands of civilians in Xu Province to avenge his father, whom Cao Cao believed to have been murdered by Xu Province's governor, Tao Qian.Cao Cao sent Cao Ren to the front to engage against Tao Qian Army Tao Qian was aid by Liu Bei and Liu General Guan Yu and Zhang Fei fought against Cao Cao Army when Cao Cao heard of Liu Bei  arrival Cao Cao exclaim I more have the Fifty thousand men while this Sandal mat weaver have more than few thousand men and yet he dare come to fight me when struggle force in frontline Cao Cao retreat later Liu Bei sent a letter to Cao Cao asking cease fire and withdraw but Cao Cao throw down and the letter and said how dare this peasant stand against me with such impudence and Cao Cao refuse to cease fire until he received report that Lu Bu seize control his territory in Yan forced Cao Cao go back to reclaim his Territory Dealing with Lu Bu in Yan Province Securing the Emperor In 196, Cao Cao heard Emperor Xian escape control of Li Jue and Guo Si and was headed straight to Luoyang Cao Cao realize that if he gain the emperor under his control he would control Warlord under the emperor name and imedility head straight for Luoyang Warlord such as Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu refuse to aid the Emperor but Cao Cao did and he and convinced the Emperor to move the capital to Xuchang as suggested by Xun Yu and other advisors, as Luoyang was ruined by war and Chang'an was not under Cao's military control, and he was appointed chancellor. Cao Cao became General-in-Chief (大將軍) and Marquis of Wuping (武平侯), though both titles had little practical implication. While some viewed the emperor as a puppet under Cao Cao's control, Cao adhered to a strict personal rule to his death that he would not usurp the throne. Later, when he was approached by his advisors to overthrow the Han dynasty and start his own dynasty, but however Cao Cao advisor Hou Teng oppose this and told Cao Cao if you were to take the Throne there would be a risk and danger if you usurp the throne there are still Loyal official in the Han Court and you would be view as a wicked usurper like Wang Mang there by you should not consider Loyalist as minor threat once you hold power for a long time your own successor will be the one to do so Cao Cao laugh and replied, "If heaven bestows such a fate upon me, and if what you said is true then let me be King Wen of Zhou."[8] Conflict with Shi Lian and Shi Dan Battle of Kaifeng During the Time Shi Lian a warlord who rose prominence in northwest china launch a Campaign against Cao Cao but died of illness later that year when Cao Cao heard of Shi Lian Death Cao Cao laugh and reply Shi Lian was great thorn in my side but now he is dead I had nothing to fear and I would like to see his corpse myself Shi Lian was succeeded by his son Shi Dan unlike his Father Shi Dan is reckless Prideful and arrogant and he charge forward without thinking even though he successfully capture Kaifang that his own father could not however Hou Teng advise Cao Cao to use all archer at the Main Camp and fire against Shi Dan Calvary Unit and Cao Cao Defeated Shi Dan and Shi Dan Met with a devastated Defeat at Kaifeng and withdrawn soon afterward Cao Cao enemy from the west will no longer a threat for the next several year Conflict with Yuan Shao To maintain a good relationship with Yuan Shao, who had become the most powerful warlord in China when he united the northern four provinces, Cao Cao lobbied to have Yuan appointed Minister of Works. However, this had the opposite effect, as Yuan Shao believed that Cao Cao was trying to humiliate him, since Minister of Works technically ranked lower than General-in-Chief, and thus refused to accept the title. To pacify Yuan Shao, Cao Cao offered his own position to him, while becoming Minister of Works himself. While this temporarily resolved the conflict, it was the catalyst for the Battle of Guandu later. Campaign against Yuan Shu Liu Zheng Li Chong and Yao Jun Battle of Lu An Battle of the Fei River Battle Shouchun Conflict with Fu Guang Battle of Yellow River Battle of Qin Mountain Battle of Longxi Conflict with Lu Bu Battle of Xiapi Battle of the While Tower Cao Yuan Conflict Battle of Boma and Guandu In 200, Yuan Shao amassed more than 100,000 troops and marched southwards on Xuchang in the name of rescuing the emperor. Cao Cao gathered 20,000 men in Guandu, a strategic point on the Yellow River. The two armies came to a standstill as neither side was able to make much progress. Cao Cao's lack of men did not allow him to make significant attacks, and Yuan Shao's pride forced him to meet Cao's force head-on. Despite his overwhelming advantage in terms of manpower, Yuan Shao was unable to make full use of his resources because of his indecisive leadership and Cao Cao's position.

Besides the middle battleground of Guandu, two lines of battle were present. The eastern line with Yuan Tan of Yuan Shao's army against Zang Ba of Cao Cao's army was a one-sided battle in favour of Cao, as Yuan Tan's poor leadership was no match for Zang's local knowledge of the landscape and his hit-and-run tactics. On the western front, Yuan Shao's nephew, Gao Gan, performed better against Cao Cao's army and forced several reinforcements from Cao's main camp to maintain the western battle. Liu Bei, then a guest in Yuan Shao's army, suggested that he instigate rebellion in Cao Cao's territories as many followers of Yuan were in Cao's lands. The tactic was initially successful but Man Chong's diplomatic skills helped to resolve the conflict almost immediately. Man Chong had been placed as an official there for this specific reason, as Cao Cao had foreseen the possibility of insurrection prior to the battle.

Finally, a defector from Yuan Shao's army, Xu You, informed Cao Cao of the location of Yuan's supply depot. Cao Cao broke the stalemate by sending a special group of soldiers to burn all the supplies of Yuan Shao's army, thus winning a decisive and seemingly impossible victory.

Battle Cangting Yuan Shao fell ill and died shortly after been the defeat again at Cangting Battle of the White wolves Mountain Soon after his Death his two sons – the eldest son, Yuan Tan and the youngest son, Yuan Shang. As he had designated the youngest son, Yuan Shang, as his successor, rather than the eldest as tradition dictated, the two brothers fought each other, as they fought Cao Cao. Cao Cao used the internal conflict within the Yuan clan to his advantage and defeated the Yuans easily. Cao Cao assumed effective rule over all of northern China. He sent armies further out and expanded his control across the Great Wall into present-day Korea, and southward to the Han River. Red Cliff Campaign Battle of Chang Ban Battle of the Red Cliffs However, Cao Cao's attempt to extend his domination south of the Yangtze River was unsuccessful. He received an initial success when Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing Province, died, and his successor, Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao without resistance. Delighted by this, he pressed on despite objections from his military advisors and hoped the same would happen again. Hou Teng oppose Cao Cao to attack further and suggest that he should try to gain support from the people in the province while urging Cao Cao to eliminated Liu Bei as quickly as possible reasoning that Liu Bei would try to convince Sun Jian to resist Him but Cao Cao refuse as he did not see Liu Bei as a potential threat in Conquering the Yangtze River His forces were defeated by a coalition of his arch-rivals Liu Bei and Sun Jian (who later founded the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu respectively) at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 and met with a devastated lost Cao Cao fled to Nanjun when many of Cao Cao troop and officer were devastated of the lost Cao Cao exclaim Victory and Defeat are common occurrence in battle so why simply be sad about it we should be happy that we alive. The Shu Wei Wu Contention In 213, Cao Cao received the title "Duke of Wei" (魏公) and was given the nine bestowments and a fief of ten cities under his domain, known as Wei. In 216, Cao Cao was promoted to the status of a vassal king - "King of Wei" (魏王). Over the years, Cao Cao, as well as Liu Bei and Sun Jian, continued to consolidate their power in their respective regions. Through many wars, China became divided into three powers – Wei, Shu and Wu, which fought sporadic battles without the balance tipping significantly in anyone's favour. Incident at the Hongjin Temple and Death In 220, Cao Cao died in Luoyang at the age of 65, having failed to unify China under his rule. His will instructed that he be buried near Ximen Bao's tomb in Ye without gold and jade treasures, and that his subjects on duty at the frontier were to stay in their posts and not attend the funeral as, in his own words, "the country is still unstable".

Sima Dian (c. 213–281), Courtesy name Zishu was a Military General of the State of Cao Wei during The Three Kingdoms Period he was Sima Yi Nephew  who seize control power of the Wei Goverment Early Life

Liang Heng (c. 211–275), Courtesy name Jingming was a Politician and General of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period he was childhood Friend of Sima Zhao he support Sima Zhao his rise of power he later become official of the Jin Dynasty later Early Life

Ding Hong (c. 164–229), Courtesy name Xiangyi was a Military General who serve under Warlord Cao Cao in the Late Han Dynasty he was known for fearsome Bravery and being a Capable Military Commander he fought many battle for Cao Cao such Yuan Shu Lu Bu Yuan Shao and Ma Chao and Cao Cao also praise him for his Loyalty he continue to serve under Cao Wei that was Founded by Cao Cao son Cao Ang Early Life Service under Cao Cao Battle of Xiapi Battle of Xiaoyao Service under Cao Ang Death

Hou Teng (c. 175–249), Courtesy name Xuanwen was a General Politician and Strategist who serve under Warlord Cao Cao in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty as one of Cao Cao most trusted Advisor he contribute the Foundation of Cao Wei founded by Cao Cao son and successor Cao Ang and become the Chancellor of the state and was Recognize as one of the most accomplish Strategist of his time Hou Teng was best remember to be a Brilliant Strategist his rise success and prominence making him a important figure in Wei as he defended Wei from Zhuge Liang and Gongye Jin invasion Early life Hou Teng was from a Poor Family his Father died of illness when he was still young Hou Teng wish to achieve fame and support his family and the people of his hometown Hou Teng left his hometown and travel to Yan Province there on where he join Cao Cao Service under Cao Cao Cao Cao was not really impress with him so he appointed Hou Teng County Magistrate Cao Cao successfully suddue Yan Province and made it as his powerbase later 196 Cao Cao gain control of the Emperor and use the Emperor to control warlord meanwhile Li Jue and Guo Si invade Luoyang to retake the emperor Hou Teng offer to defend Luoyang Cao Cao however think Hou Teng was merely bluffing but accept his offer Hou Teng first formulate his troop at Luoyang a subordinate of Guo Si name Wei Zhong led his men to submit to Hou Teng Hou Teng saw Wei Zhong as talent general soon Hou Teng order Wei Zhong to lure Li Jue and Guo Si to a trap and Wei Zhong kill Li Jue and Guo Si Hou Teng sent Li Jue and Guo Si head to Cao Cao and was surprise by Hou Teng quick victory and had both them Killed and Hou Teng was promoted Hou Teng recomanded Wei Zhong to Cao Cao and Wei Zhong was appointed as general of the Household and endorse as Marquis Wugong Advise how to deal with Liu Zheng and Yuan Shu Conflict with Shi Lian and Fu Guang Conflict with Lu Bu Role in the Cao Yuan Conflict Battle of Guandu Battle of Cangting Battle White Wolves Mountain The Red Cliff Campaign Battle of Chang Ban The Battle of the Red Cliff Northwest China Campaign Battle of Tong Gate Campaign in Liang Province Battle of Xiaoyao Quarry of Succession Incident at the Hongjin Temple Service under Cao Ang Xincheng Rebellion Battle of Jieting and Shiting Battle of Jianwei and Chen Cang Battle of Wuzhang Plain Service under Cao Pi Campaign against Wu Battle of the Hefei 237 Liaodong Campaign Service under Cao Rui Incident of the Gaoping Temple Death Legacy Hou Teng have made several impact in chinese history and culture through out his life he using many example from previous history from time to time Hou Teng achieve much success despite his peasant origin his descendant who became well known historian who wrote great detail of his time and other well known people in his time Hou Teng was respected by many among Cao Cao subject as he slowly rise to success and prominence he was even respected by his two nemesis Zhuge Liang and Gongye Jin as they quote him as a brilliant Military Strategist Li Shimin the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty noted that Hou Teng has alway insure that corruption or Political threat are remove insuring no internal strife occur and remove incapable or corrupted official from office and insure that the family of the empress is not involve in important matter of the state and point out any fault that his lord made Hou Teng start out as county magistrate under Cao Cao then become one of Cao Cao top official Family

Meng Yan (c. 163–220), Courtesy name Ziyang was a General and Politician who serve under Warlord Cao Cao in the Late Han Dynasty although despite serving under Cao Cao Meng Yan was known for his Loyalty to Han Dynasty as he thought Cao Cao would restore the Han Dynasty back full glory and soon he gradually grow to doubt Cao Cao intention and eventually rebel against him at the Hongjin Temple Meng Yan later commit suicide after his rebellion fail as Cao Cao mourn his death Early Life Service under Cao Cao Advise to Cao Cao Battle of Guandu Battle of the Red Cliff Cao Cao Northwest Expedition Quarry about Xun Yu Death Incident at the Hongjin Temple and Death Posthumous Honer

Xiahou Rong (c.192–271), Courtesy name Jincheng was a Military General of State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period he was the third son Xiahou Dun and was Known to be Courageous and humble and he was his Father Favorite son Early Life Career

Zhangsun Yuan (c.182–251), Courtesy name Zhenqing was a Military General of State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Gao Zhong (c.155–231), Courtesy name Yincheng was a Military General of State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Xie Jian (c. ?–222) Courtesy name Jingwang was a official who serve under Warlord Cao Cao in the Late Han Dynasty He briefly serve under Cao Wei that founded by Cao Cao Son Cao Ang before his Death Early Life Service under Cao Cao

Zhuye Gong (c. 174–239) Courtesy name Xianming was a official who serve under Warlord Cao Cao in the Late Han Dynasty he continue serving under the State of Cao Wei founded by Cao Cao son Cao Ang Early Life Service under Cao Cao Service under Cao Ang

Xiahou Zhuang (c. 211–283) courtesy name Wuyuan was a General of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdom Period he later serve under the Jin Dynasty

Han Bei (c. 196–255) courtesy name Jingcheng Was a official of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Xiang Yang (c. 184–258), Courtesy name Zhongwu was a Military General of the State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Hou Shao (c. 211–287), Courtesy name Yanjing was a Military General and Poltician of the State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Wei Under Sima Zhao Battle of the Chang Jiang River Defending Wei from Shu Zhuge Dan Rebellion Assitant Sima Zhao on Conquring Shu Service under the Jin Dynasty Later Life and Death

Hou Cong (c. 213–291), Courtesy name Xuzong was a Military General and Poltician of the State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Hou Shang (c. 171–235), Courtesy name Zhongwen was a Politician of the State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Hou Jian (c. 181–268), Courtesy name Shuwen was a Military General of the State of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period

Dong Tan (c. 175–260), courtesy name Xingye was a Official and Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty he serve various Warlord before Serving under Cao Cao Dong Tan was the nephew of Dong Zhuo unlike his uncle he is known as a Kind and generous man and he continue serving under Cao Cao successor Cao Ang Early Life Service under Cao Cao Service under Cao Ang Service under Cao Pi Service under Cao Rui Incident of the Gaoping Temple Involvement in the Hou Sima Political Dispute Wang Ling Rebellion Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin Rebellion Later Life and Death Family

Wei Zhong (c. 170–220), courtesy name Xinyi was a General who serve under Warlord Cao Cao during Late Han Dynasty he was formerly was a subordinate under Dong Zhuo General Guo Si he left Guo Si and submit to Hou Teng who was responsible for Lead Cao Cao Army and achieve a swift Victory against Li Jue and Guo Si forces Hou Teng recommended Wei to Cao Cao and Since then he fought many battle for Cao Cao and was known to be a Brilliant General he was kill in action during during Meng Yan Rebellion who attempt to overthrown Cao Cao and Cao Cao Deaply mourn Wei Death Early Life Service under Dong Zhuo Service under Guo Si Service under Cao Cao Advice to Cao Cao Battle of Xiapi Defending Hefei Meng Yan Rebellion and Death Family

Zheng Yi (c. 180–255), courtesy name Shende was a General and Politician of the state of Cao Wei during Three Kingdom he perhaps known to be highly recomanded by Sima Yi recongnize him as a compress general with intellgence And also play a role of the Foundation of the Jin Dynasty Early Life and Career Service under Wei Assisting Sima Yi Involvement in the Hou Sima Political Dispute Death Family

Wu History Sun Jian (c. 155–222),courtesy name Wentai formerly known as Emperor Gaozu of Wu was a military general and Warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He allied himself with Yuan Shu in 190 when warlords from eastern China formed a coalition to oust Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who held the puppet Emperor Xian in his power. Although he controlled neither many troops nor much land, Sun Jian's personal bravery and resourcefulness were feared by Dong Zhuo, who placed him among Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu and Liu Biao as the most influential men at that time. After the coalition disbanded in the next year, China fell into massive civil war. In 191, Sun Jian was almost loose his Life by Huang Zu in battle during". an offensive campaign against Liu Biao.Sun Jian later Seize control of Jiangdong and become a prominent Warlord of His time and one his alvisor Zhang Zhao and his other alvisor suggest that he should surrender to Cao Cao but Zhou Yu Gongye Jin and Lu Su oppose the suggesting Sun Jian finally decide to oppose Cao Cao and won a decisive victory at the Red Cliffs later he declare himself the Emperor of Wu in 220 after the Fall of the Han Dynasty and Founded the state of Eastern Wu He was succeeded by his Second Son Sun Quan Early Life and Career Born in the Fuchun Prefecture of the Wu Commandery (吳郡富春, present day Fuyang, Zhejiang), Sun Jian was said to be a descendant of the renowned military strategist Sun Tzu, author of The Art of War. No more immediate records survive, indicating his family probably played a very small part during the Han dynasty.[3] Even his father's name is unrecorded, although a folk tradition gives it as Sun Zhong (孫鍾).[4]

Sun Jian was a civil officer in his prefecture during his youth. When he was sixteen, Sun Jian travelled with his father to Qiantang (錢唐, present day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), where they came upon a band of pirates dividing up their spoils on land. Sun Jian jumped on shore with a sabre in hand and pointed in different directions as if commanding a detachment of soldiers to surround the pirates. Seeing this, the pirates were deceived and fled. Sun Jian pursued, and only after taking the head of every pirate did he return (or just the leader's according to some accounts). His name henceforth spread

In 184, the Yellow Turban Rebellion led by Zhang Jiao broke out across the country. Sun Jian joined the general Zhu Jun to quell the rebellion in Yuzhou (豫州, present day southern Henan and northern Anhui) area. The soldiers fought hard, forcing the rebels to retreat to Wancheng (宛城, present day Nanyang, Henan). Sun Jian placed himself in the forefront and climbed onto the city walls alone. The rest then swarmed in and defeated the rebels.

Around this time, Bian Zhang and Han Sui colluded with the Qiang tribes and rebelled in Liang Province (涼州, present day western Gansu). After Dong Zhuo failed to put down the rebellion, the central government sent in his place the Minister of Works Zhang Wen, who invited Sun Jian along as an advisor. When Zhang Wen summoned Dong Zhuo to the encampment at Chang'an, Dong Zhuo procrastinated and took a long time to arrive. When he did, he showed little respect for Zhang Wen. Sun Jian then advised Zhang Wen to execute Dong Zhuo, but Zhang Wen declined as Dong Zhuo held high reputation in the west.

Hearing that a mass army had arrived, the rebels promptly surrendered. When Zhang Wen and the rest returned to the capital Luoyang, however, the court held that the army did not engage the enemy and thus no honor was accorded. Meanwhile, another local-scale rebellion broke out near Changsha and the rebels besieged the city. Sun Jian was then made administrator of Changsha. Within a month upon taking up office, Sun Jian had quelled the rebellion. Meanwhile, rebellions also broke out in the neighboring commanderies of Lingling (零陵, present day Yongzhou, Hunan) and Guiyang (桂陽). Both were put down by Sun Jian, who was then enfeoffed as Marquis of Wucheng (烏程侯).

Coalition against Dong Zhuo Main article: Campaign against Dong Zhuo In 189, Emperor Ling died, leaving his young son in the care of regents Empress Dowager He and General-in-Chief He Jin. He Jin then summoned Dong Zhuo to lead troops into the capital to assist in a plot to eliminate the powerful eunuch faction. Before Dong Zhuo arrived, however, He Jin was assassinated by the eunuchs and Luoyang fell into chaos following a clash between supporters of both sides. Dong Zhuo then seized military control of the capital and deposed the young emperor for the puppet Emperor Xian. However, his tyrannical ways incurred the wrath of many and in the following year, warlords from eastern China formed a coalition against him.

Sun Jian also raised an army with ten-thousands of troops and joined Yuan Shu, one of the leaders of the coalition at Luyang (魯陽, present day Lushan County, Henan). Yuan Shu made Sun Jian the General Who Quells Rebels (破虜將軍) and governor of Yuzhou. Sun Jian then began training and preparing his troops at Luyang. A force sent by Dong Zhuo was so impressed with the strict discipline of Sun Jian's troops that they gave up the plan to attack Luyang. When Sun Jian moved out to Liangdong (梁東, east of present day Linru County, Henan), he was outnumbered by Dong Zhuo's forces. With several dozen horsemen, Sun Jian broke out of the encirclement. He took off the red felt scarf he had always been wearing and handed it to his trusted aide Zu Mao (祖茂), whom Dong Zhuo's soldiers then chased after while Sun Jian escaped. Unable to shake off his pursuers, Zu Mao then dismounted, hanged the scarf onto a half-burnt pillar, and hid himself in the tall grasses nearby. The enemies surrounded the pillar and approached cautiously till they realized they had been fooled, whereupon they retreated.

After regrouping his troops, Sun Jian pressed forward against the capital and engaged in battle against Dong Zhuo's forces at Yangren (陽人, northwest of Linru County). He scored a brilliant victory and killed the enemy commander-in-chief Hua Xiong in battle. (In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Hua Xiong was said to be killed by Guan Yu.) At this time, someone told Yuan Shu that if Sun Jian defeated Dong Zhuo and took over the capital, he would not be controllable anymore. The doubtful Yuan Shu then ceased the food supply to Sun Jian. Sun Jian rode the hundred odd li from Yangren to Luyang in the night to see Yuan Shu, whereupon he said to the latter, "I put myself to danger in battle, first to remove the rebel (Dong Zhuo) for the country and second to avenge the deaths of your family (Yuan Shu's family members in Luoyang had all been killed by Dong Zhuo). I have no personal grudge against Dong Zhuo. Yet you could believe slanderous talks and suspect me!" The words put Yuan Shu to shame and he immediately ordered the food supply to be delivered.

Fearing Sun Jian, Dong Zhuo then sent his general Li Jue as an emissary to seek peace and propose a marriage to cement the alliance. However, Sun Jian rejected the proposals with harsh words and carried on his campaign towards Luoyang. In late 190, his force was merely ninety li away from the capital when Dong Zhuo retreated west to Chang'an after burning Luoyang to the ground. Entering Luoyang, Sun Jian ordered his men to reseal the tombs of former emperors that were excavated by Dong Zhuo, after which he returned to Luyang. It was said in the Book of Wu (吳書) by Wei Zhao that Sun Jian found one of the emperor's jade seals in a well south of Luoyang and kept it. Later, when Yuan Shu declared himself emperor, he held Sun Jian's wife Lady Wu hostage in exchange for the seal. Attack against Liu Biao In 191, Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to attack Liu Biao in Jing Province (荆州; present day Hubei and Hunan). The defense force led by Liu Biao's subject Huang Zu was defeated by Sun Jian, who pursued the enemy across the Han River to Xiangyang. During a solo ride on the Xian Hill (峴山), Sun Jian was ambushed by Huang Zu's troops, Sun Jian was the shot but Sun Jian survive and the Imperial Seal block the arrow on Sun Jian chest and His general Zhu Yuan save him and Slain Huang Suborninate Lu Gong and retreat.

Sun Jian after he conquer Jiang Dong and Manage Seize Control all the territory he launch other Campaign The former governor of Wu Commandery (吳郡; south of present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu) Xu Gong, had long opposed Sun Jian. Xu Gong wrote to Emperor Xian, recommending the emperor to summon Sun Jian and his Sun Ce to the capital as he deemed Sun Jian comparable to Ji Cheng and Sun Ce to be a hero comparable to Xiang Yu and too dangerous to be allowed to occupy a territory. Unfourturely Xu Gong Plot was discover and was executed his servants kept a low profile and waited for chance to Sun Jian Campaign against Yuan Shu and Lu Bu Sun Ce Death In the year 200, Cao Cao engaged in the decisive Battle of Guandu with Yuan Shao along the shores of the Yellow River, leaving the capital and his base city Xuchang poorly guarded. Sun Jian plotted to attack Xuchang under the banner of rescuing Emperor Xian, who was a figurehead held under Cao Cao's control. While Sun Jian Preparations were underway for the military excursion Sun Jian and Sun Ce went to a hunting trip Sun Jian and Sun Ce ran into three servants of Xu Gong. One of them managed to plant an arrow into Sun Ce's cheek before Cheng Pu and Zhu Yuan arrived the slew the assassin and have his men return soohe felt Grief for loosing his Eldest Son he order Cheng Pu and Huang Gai to Search for Xu Gong servent and Capture him he was angry at him for having him kill he grab and Beaten one of them to death  he also had Xu Gong remaining men to be executed including Their family As The Marquis of Wu After Sun Ce Death Sun Jian still felt grief of Sun Ce His Wife and Son Sun Quan comfort him Zhou Yu Advise him to Attack one Liu Biao Border at Jiangxia that was guard by Huang Zu he rejected the advice so many time but finally took his advice and attack Jiangxia When Sun Jian heard of Gongye Jin he was going to sent some his men to invite him but a scholar name Yan Pi told Sun Jian that he can not invite Gongye Jin and tell him that he should personally visit him and finally have Gongye Jin to join him later Sun Jian was going to lead army but Zhou Yu highly against this remind him that he was almost kill in ambush when face Huang Zu earlier suggest he should let Zhu Yuan lead the army Huang Zu try to launch a ambush and try to had Sun Jian Killed  but faild when protected by Ling Cao later Slain by Gan Ning he advance later capture Huang Zu and execute him as for Gan Ning he took him as a officer Battle of The Red Cliff After Liu Biao's death, a succession struggle for his domain came into being, between his sons Liu Qi and younger son Liu Cong, whom Liu Biao's second wife Lady Cai favored (because he had married her niece). After Huang Zu's death, Liu Qi was therefore given Huang's post as the governor of Jiangxia Commandery (in present-day Huanggang, Hubei). Liu Cong therefore succeeded Liu Biao after his death, and Liu Qi was displeased and considered, but did not carry out, an attack against his brother. Nevertheless, Liu Cong, in fear of having to fight Cao Cao and his brother on two fronts, surrendered to Cao Cao against the advice of Liu Biao's key ally Liu Bei. Liu Bei, unwilling to submit to Cao Cao, fled south. Cao caught up to him and crushed his forces, but Liu Bei escaped with his life; he fled to Dangyang (當陽, in present-day Yichang, Hubei). Cao Cao took over most of Jing Province, and appeared set on finally unifying the empire.

Sun Jian was well aware of Cao Cao's intentions, and he quickly entered into an alliance with Liu Bei and Liu Qi to prepare for an attack by Cao. Cao Cao wrote Sun Jian with a letter intending to intimidate, and in face of Cao's overwhelming force (estimated to be about 220,000 men, although Cao claimed 800,000, against Sun's 30,000 and the Lius' combined force of 10,000), many of Sun's subordinates, including Zhang Zhao, advocated surrender. Sun Jian refused, under advice from Zhou Yu Gongye Jin and Lu Su Fu Gong Xue Guan (that Cao Cao would surely not tolerate him even if he surrendered).Sun Jian convince other official who advocated surrender to willing support him against Cao Cao

Sun Jian put Zhou Yu in charge of his 30,000 men, largely stationed on naval ships, and Zhou set up in a defense position in conjunction with Liu Bei, whose army was stationed on land. About this time, there was a plague developing in Cao Cao's forces which significantly weakened it. Zhou Yu set up a trap where he pretended to be punishing his subordinate Huang Gai, and Huang pretended to surrender to Cao Cao in fear. Zhou Yu then sent ships under Huang Gai's command to pretend to surrender and, as Huang's ships approached Cao Cao's fleet, they were set aflame to assault Cao's fleet, and Cao's fleet was largely destroyed by fire. Cao Cao led his forces to escape on land, but much of the force was destroyed by Sun Jian and Liu Bei's land forces.

Uneasy alliance with Liu Bei Further information: Battle of Jiangling (208) Immediately, after Cao Cao withdrew, Sun Jian took over the northern half of Jing Province. Liu Bei marched south and took over the southern half. Marriage Dispute between Liu Bei and Lady Sun The Sun-Liu alliance was further cemented by a marriage of Sun Jian's Daughter, Lady Sun, to Liu Bei. Zhou Yu was suspicious of Liu Bei's intentions, however, and suggested to Sun Jian that Liu be seized and put under house arrest (albeit be very well-treated) and his forces be merged into Sun's; however Gongye Jin oppose this and told Sun Jian that, Liu Bei's forces would rebel if he did that he also told him that this would cause Cao Cao to take advantage infernal strife and attack them,and should not have any major conflict with Liu Bei so Sun Jian declined Zhou Yu idea soon Zhou Yu plan to Conquor Nanjun but fails and got wound in a Ambush. Sun Jian heard Zhou Yu injury and try to recall him back but Zhou Yu refuse Sun Jian did agree to Zhou Yu's plans to consider attacking Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu (who controlled the modern southern Shaanxi) to try to take over their territories, but try seize control the rest of the territory but Liu Bei Advisor Chen Zhen saw through those and suffer several lost Zhou Yu soon felt ill and died after Zhou Yu death in 210, the plans were abandoned. However, Sun Jian was able to persuade the warlords in present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam to submit to him, and they became part of his domain. He then yielded northern Jing Province to Liu Bei as well, agreeing with Liu that the south was insufficient to supply his troops.

After Liu Bei's conquest of Yi Province, he was able to supply his troops on his own, so Sun Jian sent Lu Su as an emissary to demand for the return of Jing Province, but Liu Bei refused. Sun Jian then sent Lü Meng and Ling Tong to lead 20,000 men to attack southern Jing Province and they succeeded in capturing Changsha, Guiyang, and Lingling commanderies. Meantime, Lu Su and Gan Ning advanced to Yiyang (益陽) with 10,000 men (to block Guan Yu) and took over command of the army at Lukou (陸口). Liu Bei personally went to Gong'an and Guan Yu led 30,000 men to Yiyang. When an all-out war was about to break out, the news that Cao Cao planned to attack Hanzhong was received by Liu Bei, and he requested for a border treaty with Sun Jian as he became worried about Cao Cao seizing Hanzhong. Liu Bei asked Sun Jian to give him back Lingling commandery and create a diversion for Cao Cao by attacking Hefei; in return, Liu Bei ceded Changsha and Guiyang commanderies to Sun Jian, setting the new border along the Xiang River.he had lead the main force in Hefei  - durring this he was overwhem by Cao Cao General Zhang Liao when Sun Jian was nearly captured on a few occasions and almost lost Sun Quan in the coflict, if not saved by Ling Tong .after the battle Sun Jian had a Coversation with Sun Quan about his defeat at Hefei saying if only Zhou Yu is still here we would not have lost at Hefei

Breaking of alliance with Liu Bei In 219, Guan Yu advanced north, attacking Fancheng, scoring a major victory over Cao Ren. While Fancheng did not fall at this time, Guan Yu put it under siege, and the situation was severe enough that Cao Cao considered moving the capital away from Xu. However, Sun Quan, resentful of Guan Yu's prior constant instigation of hostilities (including seizing Sun's food supplies to usefor his campaign north), took the opportunity to attack Guan from the rear, and Guan's forces collapsed. Guan Yu was captured by forces under general Lü Meng; Guan Yu was executed, Jing Province came under Sun's control, and the Sun-Liu alliance ended. Sun Jian nominally submitted to Cao Cao and urged him to take the throne but Cao refused.

After Cao Cao's death in 220, Cao Ang forced Emperor Xian to yield the throne to him, ending the Han Dynasty and establishing the state of Cao Wei. Sun Jian did not immediately submit to Wei or declare independence after Cao Pi's enthronement, but took a wait-and-see attitude; Sun Jian decide declare himself Emperor of Wu after the fall of Han Dynasty and establish the state of Eastern Wu contrast, in early 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor, establishing the state of Shu Han. Immediately, Liu Bei planned a campaign against Sun Jian to avenge Guan Yu.

In 222, at the Battle of Xiaoting, Sun Jian's general Lu Xun dealt Liu Bei a major defeat, stopping the Shu offensive. Shu would not again pose a threat to Sun Jian from that point on. Later that year, Death after Sun Jian victory at Xiaoting Sun Jian fell greatly ill while on his death bed Sun Jian appoint Gongye Jin as Chancellor and advise his son Sun Quan  consult Zhang Zhao and Zhuge Jin on Infernal matter while consult External Matter to Fu Gong and Lu Xun and Consult both matter to Gongye Jin and Sun Jian died at Jianye September 9 222 after his death he was succeeded by Sun Quan as Emperor of Wu Sun Quan Posthumously honored his Father as Emperor Gaozu of Wu the Litary Mean the High Founder of Wu

Sun Quan (182–255),[1] courtesy name Zhongmou, formally known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the Second Emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He reign from 222 to 255 "Emperor of Wu".Because of his skill in gathering important, honourable men to his cause, Sun Quan was able to delegate authority to capable figures. This primary strength served him well in gaining the support of the common people and surrounding himself with capable generals since His Father death at 222.

Gan Ning (175–222 ),[1] courtesy name Xingba, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Jian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.he continue serve under the State of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Jian Originally a pirate notorious for his plundering and murderous ways, Gan Ning gave up the life of a marauder in the late 190s and became a subordinate of Huang Zu, the Administrator of a commandery in present-day east-central Hubei. Disheartened by Huang Zu's indifferent attitude towards him, Gan Ning eventually left Huang and made his way into Wu territory (present-day southeastern China), where he found his calling and became a military officer under the warlord Sun Jian. Throughout his years of service under Sun Jian until his death, Gan Ning fought in numerous battles for his lord,During the including: Jiangxia (208), Red Cliffs (208–209), Xiaoyao Ford (214–215) and Ruxu (217).

Early life Gan Ning was a native of Linjiang (臨江), Ba commandery (巴郡), which is in present-day Zhong County, Chongqing.[Sanguozhi 1] His ancestral home was actually in Nanyang, Henan, but his ancestors moved to Ba commandery. As a youth, Gan Ning was once recommended to take up the position of an Assistant (丞) in the office of Shu commandery (蜀郡) but he resigned and went home after serving for a short while.[Sanguozhi zhu 1]

In his younger days, Gan Ning was known to be very energetic and eager to behave like a youxia. He gathered a group of wayward young men, with him as their chief, and engaged in piracy. They were armed with either bows or crossbows, wore feathers in their hats and tied bells on their bodies. The ringing of the bells alerted people to the presence of Gan Ning and his gang.[Sanguozhi 2] Gan Ning's plundering and murderous ways earned him infamy throughout Ba commandery. On land, he and his gang travelled by riding on horses or in chariots in a certain formation; on water, they sailed on light vessels linked together. His followers were dressed in elaborate and flamboyant garments, attracting much attention wherever they went. When they stopped at a certain location, they would use silk to tie their boats to the jetties, and when they were departing, they would cut the silk and abandon it as a showcase of their extravagance.[Sanguozhi zhu 2]

Those who had dealings with Gan Ning included some local officials. These people treated Gan Ning generously, and in return, he befriended them and showed genuine feelings towards them. On the other hand, those who treated him badly suffered the fate of being robbed of their possessions by him and his gang, and even government officials were not spared. Gan Ning led the life of a marauder for over 20 years.[Sanguozhi 3]

Around 194, when Liu Yan, the Inspector (刺史) of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), died, Gan Ning rebelled against Liu Yan's son and successor, Liu Zhang, together with Liu He (劉闔), an official from Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan), and Liu Zhang's subordinates Shen Mi (沈彌) and Lou Fa (婁發). However, they failed and were forced to flee to Jing Province.[Sanguozhi zhu 3]

Service under Liu Biao and Huang Zu[edit] Gan Ning eventually decided to stop plundering and pillaging. He read some books, including ideas from the Hundred Schools of Thought. He later brought along 800 men to join Liu Biao, the Governor (牧) of Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan), and was stationed at Nanyang commandery in the province. Liu Biao had a scholar-gentry background and was not proficient in military affairs. Around that time, chaos had broken out all around China as contending warlords fought each other for territorial gains and hegemony over the empire. Gan Ning observed that Liu Biao was doomed to failure and was worried that he would be affected, so he and his followers planned to head east towards the Wu region, which was under the control of the warlord Sun Ce (and later under Sun Ce Father Sun Jian). They reached Jiangxia (江夏; commandery capital in present-day Yunmeng County, Xiaogan, Hubei) commandery in the eastern part of Jing Province but were unable to cross the border into Wu territory, so Gan Ning remained at Jiangxia and became a subordinate of the commandery's Administrator (太守) Huang Zu. Huang Zu did not recognise Gan Ning's abilities and treated the latter coldly for three years.[Sanguozhi zhu 4][Sanguozhi zhu 5]

In 203, Sun Jian led his forces to attack Huang Zu, whom he deemed responsible for the death of his father Sun Jian at the Battle of Xiangyang in 191, culminating in the Battle of Xiakou. Huang Zu was defeated and was being pursued by the enemy. Gan Ning, being a skilled archer, led a detachment of troops as backup, and he came to the rescue. He fired an arrow which killed Ling Cao, a Colonel (校尉) under Sun Quan, thus allowing Huang Zu to retreat safely. Huang Zu did not change his attitude towards Gan Ning after the incident. Su Fei, an Area Commander (都督) under Huang Zu, recommended Gan Ning as a talent to his superior, but was ignored. Huang Zu even attempted to entice Gan Ning's followers to abandon their leader and serve him, and some agreed.[Sanguozhi zhu 6]

Gan Ning was unhappy with Huang Zu and wanted to leave the latter, but was worried that Huang would not permit, so he became very frustrated. Su Fei was aware of Gan Ning's intention, so he invited the latter for drinks and said, "I've recommended you to Huang Zu many times, but he doesn't want to give you important responsibilities. Days pass by and people become older. You should make plans for the future and find someone who truly appreciates your talents." Gan Ning paused for a moment before replying, "That's what I've in mind, but I can't find an excuse to leave." Su Fei then said, "I'll suggest to Huang Zu to appoint you as the Chief (長) of Zhu (邾; northwest of present-day Huanggang, Hubei). The initial stage is difficult, but after you've reached there, it'll be much easier for you to decide where to go from there." Gan Ning replied, "Great." Huang Zu approved Su Fei's suggestion. Gan Ning managed to gather a few hundred men who were willing to follow him, and they headed towards Zhu.[Sanguozhi zhu 7]

Battle of Jiangxia[edit] Main article: Battle of Jiangxia When Gan Ning brought his followers to Wu, Zhou Yu and Lü Meng recommended him to serve their lord, Sun Jian. Sun Jian's Son Sun Quan felt that Gan Ning was extraordinary and tell his Father to treated Gan as a Old aquitance though Gan was an old subordinate of his. Gan Ning proposed, "The Han Dynasty is declining day by day. Cao Cao is becoming increasingly arrogant and he'll eventually usurp the throne. The southern territories in Jing Province are accessible in terms of travelling by land or water. The western domain of the Empire lies there. Based on my observation of Liu Biao, he'll not last long while his sons are of inferior quality and cannot inherit his jurisdiction. My lord, you should take control of these lands soon, lest Cao Cao seizes them later. The best plan now is to attack Huang Zu first. Huang Zu is old and muddleheaded. He lacks funding and supplies, cheats those around them, and is only concerned with making personal gains. His subordinates are already unhappy with him because of his overbearing demands. His warships and military equipment are damaged and have not been repaired; he neglects agriculture; his army is ill-disciplined. If you attack him now, you'll surely win him. After defeating him, you can move west further and take control of Chu Pass (楚關) and expand your domain and influence. After that, you can prepare to attack Bashu (巴蜀; covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing)."[Sanguozhi 4]

Sun Jian wanted to follow Gan Ning's plan. At that time, Zhang Zhao (another official under Sun Quan) was also present, and he objected, "The territories in Wu have not been completely pacified yet. If we really proceed with this campaign, I'm afraid there will be chaos."[Sanguozhi 5] Gan Ning rebuked Zhang Zhao, "Our lord has entrusted responsibilities to you as if you were Xiao He.[notes 1] If you were to remain in charge and yet fear that there will be chaos, how can you expect to emulate the people in the past?"[Sanguozhi 6] Sun Jian then raised his cup of wine to Gan Ning and said, "Xingba, I've decided to put you in charge of the campaign this year just as I offer this cup of wine to you. You should strive your best to come up with strategies and ensure that we overcome Huang Zu. When you've earned merit, you won't need to take Zhang Zhao's words to heart."[Sanguozhi 7]

In the spring of 208, Sun Jian led his forces west to attack Huang Zu at Jiangxia commandery (江夏郡; commandery capital in present-day Yunmeng County, Xiaogan, Hubei) and succeeded in defeating and capturing the latter alive, as well as taking control over the latter's troops. Gan Ning was then placed in command of some soldiers and was ordered to garrison at Dangkou (當口).[Sanguozhi 8]

Saving Su Fei[edit] Prior to the campaign, Sun Quan had two boxes made for the purpose of containing the heads of Huang Zu and Su Fei. After Huang Zu's defeat, Su Fei was also captured and he immediately asked someone to inform Gan Ning. Gan Ning said, "If Su Fei did not speak up, I would have forgotten about him." Later, when Sun Jian and his officers were celebrating the victory, Gan Ning left his seat and knelt down before his lord. He kowtowed until his face was covered in blood and with tears in his eyes, he pleaded with Sun Jian, "I owe Su Fei a favour. If not for him, I would have been dead and my body abandoned in a ravine. I would not have been able to serve under you. Now, even though Su Fei's actions warrant death, I still hope that you can spare him." Sun Jian was moved and he asked, "What if he leaves after I spare his life?" Gan Ning replied, "Su Fei will be grateful if he is spared from death. He'll not leave even if you try to chase him away. Why will he still seek his own doom? If he really does that, I'm willing to use my head to replace his in the box." Sun Jian then pardoned Su Fei.[Sanguozhi zhu 8]

Red Cliffs campaign[edit] Main articles: Battle of Red Cliffs, Battle of Jiangling (208), and Battle of Yiling (208) In the winter of 208–209, Gan Ning fought in the Battle of Red Cliffs under Zhou Yu's command against the forces of Cao Cao, defeating the enemy at Wulin (烏林). Gan Ning also participated in the Battle of Jiangling, a follow-up to Red Cliffs. Sun Jian's forces, led by Zhou Yu, attacked Cao Cao's general Cao Ren at Nan commandery (南郡; commandery capital in present-day Jiangling County, Jingzhou, Hubei) but were unable to conquer the city. Gan Ning suggested to lead a separate force to capture Yiling (夷陵; around present-day Yichang, Hubei). He had only a few hundred soldiers with him when he reached Yiling and the strength of his army increased to around 1,000 after he recruited some men in the area. Cao Ren sent 5,000–6,000 troops to besiege Gan Ning at Yiling. The enemy built high towers, from which they rained arrows upon Yiling. Gan Ning's men were all terrified but Gan remained calm. He sent a messenger to request aid from Zhou Yu, who heeded Lü Meng's plan and led reinforcements to help Gan Ning, leaving behind Ling Tong to defend their position.[Sanguozhi 9] Zhou Yu, Lü Meng and the others succeeded in lifting the siege at Yiling, while Ling Tong managed to hold his ground well for that period of time. Eventually, Cao Ren was ordered to abandon Nan commandery because the prolonged war had drained much manpower and resources on Cao Cao's side, and this resulted in the capture of the commandery by Sun Jian's forces.

Guan Yu's shallows[edit] Main article: Lu Su#Sun-Liu territorial dispute Around 214 or 215, Sun Jian had disputes with his ally Liu Bei over the division of southern Jing Province between them. Sun Quan sent Lü Meng and Ling Tong to seize the three commanderies of Changsha (長沙), Lingling (零陵), and Guiyang (桂陽) from Liu Bei, and then ordered Lu Su to station at Yiyang (益陽; around present-day Yiyang, Hunan) as a precaution against any retaliation by Liu Bei's general Guan Yu, who was in charge of his lord's territories in southern Jing Province. Gan Ning joined Lu Su at Yiyang.[Sanguozhi 10]

Guan Yu claimed that he had 30,000 troops. He selected 5,000 elite soldiers, headed to the upstream shallows located some 10 li away from Yiyang, and planned to cross the shallows at night. Lu Su held a discussion with his subordinates on how to deal with Guan Yu. At that time, Gan Ning had only 300 men under him and he told Lu Su, "If you give me another 500 troops, I'll go to confront Guan Yu. I assure you that Guan Yu will not dare to cross the waters when he hears of my approach. But if he does, I'll capture him." Lu Su then chose 1,000 troops and put them under Gan Ning's command. Gan Ning headed towards Guan Yu's position at night. As Gan Ning expected, Guan Yu did not cross the shallows and instead set up camps there. That place was thus named 'Guan Yu's Shallows' (關羽瀨).[Sanguozhi 11]

Sun Jian was pleased with Gan Ning's achievement, so he appointed the latter as the Administrator (太守) of Xiling (西陵) and let him oversee the counties of Yangxin (陽新) and Xiazhi (下雉).[Sanguozhi 12]

Battle of Xiaoyao Ford[edit] Main article: Battle of Xiaoyao Ford In early 215, Gan Ning was involved in an attack on Cao Cao's garrison at Huan (皖; or Huancheng, in present-day Qianshan County, Anqing, Anhui) and was in charge of the unit assigned to scale the fortress's walls. Armed with a chain, he was the first to climb up the walls, and his men killed Huancheng's defending commander Zhu Guang (朱光). Lü Meng earned the top credit while Gan Ning received the second highest credit for the victory. Gan Ning was promoted to "General Who Breaks and Charges" (折衝將軍).[Sanguozhi 13]

Later that year, Gan Ning participated in Sun Jian's campaign to seize control of Hefei, which was defended by Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao. Sun Quan was unable to capture Hefei after besieging the city for days and suffering defeats in the initial skirmishes, and he eventually withdrew his forces when a plague broke out in his army. Sun Jian's other units retreated first, while Sun remained behind at Xiaoyao Ford (逍遙津) with only about 1,000 men and a few officers (including Lü Meng, Jiang Qin, Ling Tong and Gan Ning). When Zhang Liao saw that, he seized the opportunity to launch a devastating counterattack, throwing Sun Jian's forces into confusion. Gan Ning led a group of archers to fire arrows at the enemy while Ling Tong and the others fought fiercely to protect their lord. Gan Ning shouted at the men to beat the war drums and blow the horns loudly to raise the army's morale. Sun Quan eventually succeeded in escaping but his forces sustained very heavy losses. He later praised Gan Ning for the latter's actions in the battle.[Sanguozhi 14]

Battle of Ruxu[edit] Main article: Battle of Ruxu (217) Two years later in 217, Cao Cao personally led an army, claimed to be 400,000 strong, to attack Sun Jian's garrison at Ruxu (濡須). Sun Jian led about 70,000 troops to counter the enemy. Gan Ning commanded the 3,000-strong vanguard. Sun Jian gave a secret order for Gan Ning to attack the enemy under the cover of nightfall, so Gan selected 100 elite soldiers.[Sanguozhi zhu 9] Before the battle, Sun Jian sent wine and various dishes to Gan Ning, who gave them to his men. After the feast, Gan Ning poured wine into a silver bowl and drank two bowls before offering it to an officer. The officer knelt down and did not dare to take the bowl, so Gan Ning drew his sword, placed it on his lap and said, "You hold our lord in regard but not me? I do not fear death. Why do you alone fear death?" The officer saw that Gan Ning was very stern so he obliged and drank from it and then ordered each soldier to drink one bowl of wine."[Sanguozhi 15]

When it was nearing midnight, Gan Ning and his 100 men raided Cao Cao's camp,[Sanguozhi 16] destroying some defensive structures and killing dozens of enemy soldiers. Cao Cao's troops were shocked so they sounded the alarm and lit up the entire camp with torches. By then, Gan Ning and his men had returned safely to their own camp, where they beat their drums, blew their horns, and shouted "Wansui!"[Sanguozhi zhu 10]

That same night, Gan Ning went to see Sun Jian, who was delighted and said to him, "Were your actions enough to frighten the old man (Cao Cao)? I had the opportunity of witnessing your valour." Sun Jian then rewarded Gan Ning with 1,000 rolls of silk and 100 swords. He also remarked, "Mengde (Cao Cao) has Zhang Liao while I've Xingba. I can match him." Cao Cao withdrew his armies from Ruxu after slightly more than a month.[Sanguozhi zhu 11] Gan Ning was held in even higher regard among Sun Jian's forces and the number of troops under his command was increased by 2,000.[Sanguozhi 17]

Death[edit] When Gan Ning died, Sun Jian deeply lamented his death.[Sanguozhi 18] No further details about Gan Ning's death were provided in his official biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).

Family[edit] Gan Ning's ancestor was Gan Mao (甘茂), a chancellor of the Qin state in the Warring States period.[2]

Gan Ning's son, Gan Gui (甘瓌), was exiled to Kuaiji (會稽; present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) for committing an offence and died not long later.[Sanguozhi 19]

Gan Shu (甘述), another son of Gan Ning, served as an Imperial Secretary (尚書) in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Gan Shu's son, Gan Chang (甘昌), served as a Crown Prince's Tutor (太子太傅) in Wu.[3] Gan Chang had a son — Gan Zhuo (甘卓), courtesy name "Jisi" (季思). Gan Zhuo served as "Senior General Who Guards the South" (鎮南大將軍) and "Governor of Jing Province" (荊州牧) during the Jin Dynasty.[4]

Zhou Tai (died c. 264),[1][2] courtesy name Youping, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Jian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and a General of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He was know for protecting Sun Jian Son Sun Quan In such occasion Sun Jian praise and thankful to him for protecting Sun Quan and alway reward him with a banquet

Ling Tong (189–264),[1][2][3] courtesy name Gongji, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Jian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and was also a Military General of Eastern Wu. He started his service under Sun Jian when he was still a teenager and, throughout his entire life, had been contributing to the foundation and solidification of the state of Eastern Wu (founded by Sun Jian in 220. He fought in numerous battles for his lord, including those against Huang Zu, Liu Bei and the Shanyue tribes, during the late 210s but is best known for his performance in the campaigns against Sun Jian's rival Cao Cao, in which he displayed great skill in extremely adverse situations.

Ling Tong was more than just a military serviceman — he received high praise from the scholar-gentry for his gracious demeanour, bonhomie and generosity.[4] Even though he had achieved fame and glory when he visited his hometown later in his life, he still treated commoners with utmost respect and humanity.[5] Behind the frontline, Ling Tong conceived a strategy for dealing with and pacifying the Shanyue tribes (who caused trouble in Sun Jian's territories from time to time) — impressing them with a show of military might and offering them potential rewards — which led to the Wu government successfully recruiting over 10,000 Shanyue soldiers into their army and maintaining relative stability in the region. Ling Tong was also known for his integrity and loyalty; he, along with Lü Meng, were among the most valued generals of Sun Jian in 210s Early life[edit] Ling Tong was a native of Yuhang (餘杭), Wu commandery (吳郡), which is in present-day Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. His father, Ling Cao, was a military officer serving under the warlord Sun Ce. Ling Cao held the rank of "Colonel Who Defeats Bandits" (破賊校尉) and he continued serving Sun Quan after Sun Ce's death in 200 CE. In 204, Sun Jian attacked Huang Zu, the Administrator (太守) of Jiangxia (江夏; commandery capital in present-day Yunmeng County, Xiaogan, Hubei), a commandery on the eastern border of Jing Province. During the ensuing Battle of Xiakou, Ling Cao sailed alone a distance ahead on a small boat to infiltrate the enemy formation. Huang Zu abandoned his position and fled, but Ling Cao was killed by a stray arrow fired by Huang's subordinate Gan Ning.[7]

Ling Tong was 15 when his father died. Sun Quan appointed Ling Tong as a "Major of Separate Command" (別部司馬) in consideration of the fact that Ling Cao died for the Sun family. As many spoke well of Ling Tong's ability, the teenage Ling was allowed to inherit his father's post, as acting-"Colonel Who Defeats Bandits", and assume command of the troops which used to be led by his father.[8]

Ling Tong later participated in a campaign against bandits in the hilly regions of Wu. Sun Quan's main force captured the enemy garrison at Bao (保) and left after leaving behind 10,000 men under the command of Ling Tong and Zhang Yi (張異) to lay siege to the garrison at Ma (麻). The day before the battle, Ling Tong and Chen Qin (陳勤) attended a banquet together. Chen Qin was in charge of ceremonial duties during the banquet, but he abused his powers and went against the rules. Ling Tong was upset by Chen Qin's insolence and confronted the latter. In anger, Chen Qin hurled abuse at Ling Tong and even insulted Ling's late father. Ling Tong was in tears but he refrained himself and did not respond to the acrimony.[9]

After the banquet, Chen Qin, who was drunk, insulted Ling Tong again on the road. Unable to tolerate further swearword, Ling Tong injured Chen Qin with his sword and caused Chen to die a few days later. The next day, prior to the battle, Ling Tong exclaimed, "Only through death can my transgression be cleansed!" He charged ahead of his troops during the battle in the face of enemy arrows and boulders. The side of the garrison which Ling Tong's army attacked fell immediately. The other commanders were roused by his victory and together they inflicted a crushing defeat on the enemy. After returning from the battle, Ling Tong bound himself and surrendered to the discipline officer. Sun Jian was impressed with Ling Tong's strong determination and pardoned him for insubordination in consideration of his contributions.[10]

Battle of Jiangxia[edit] Main article: Battle of Jiangxia In 208, Sun Jian attacked Huang Zu at Jiangxia (江夏; commandery capital in present-day Yunmeng County, Xiaogan, Hubei) again. Ling Tong was assigned as the leader of the vanguard force. He sailed in his boat far ahead of the main army with only tens of his closest men with him, and emerged victorious in the first engagement by slaying Huang Zu's subordinate Zhang Shuo (張碩) and capturing all of Zhang's mariners with his much smaller force. He reported back to Sun Quan and led another attack on the enemy again, advancing on both land and water.[11]

Knowing that Zhang Shuo had been slain and that the first line of defence had been broken, Huang Zu used two of his largest mengchongs to block the entrance at the choke point of the Mian River, and sent his crossbowmen to station themselves there to fire at any approaching enemy forces. In addition, Huang Zu had strong men and archers ambushed on top of the cliff next to the river to thrown down rocks and flames. Sun Quan's forces suffered great casualties and were unable to advance any further. Ling Tong and Dong Xi, along with 100 "die-hard" soldiers, donned two layers of armour each and charged towards the enemy despite the rain of rocks from the cliff and the fusillade from the vessels. They succeeded in breaking the connections between the two vessels after tough fighting, thus allowing Sun Quan's forces to break through and enter Miankou. Furthermore, the destruction of the mengchongs actuated Sun Quan forces' fighting spirit, and they emerged victorious in the next battle, in which Lü Meng defeated Huang Zu's navy while Ling Tong conquered Jiangxia. Sun Quan appointed Ling Tong as "Commandant of Vehemence" (承烈都尉).[12]

Battle of Red Cliffs[edit] Main article: Battle of Red Cliffs In late 208, the northern warlord Cao Cao launched a campaign aimed at wiping out opposing forces in southern China, and successfully pressured Liu Cong (who had succeeded his father Liu Biao as the Governor of Jing Province) into surrendering. A few months later, Cao Cao assembled a force of 800,000 at Jiangling (江陵; in present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), where countless warships and weapons were stored, and sent an envoy to intimidate Sun Jian to give up resistance.[13] Sun Jian eventually hardened his decision to go to war with Cao Cao after being persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu,[notes 1] and he formed an alliance with another warlord Liu Bei. Ling Tong, under Zhou Yu's command, participated in the Battle of Red Cliffs, in which the combined armies of Sun Jian and Liu Bei dealt Cao Cao's massive fleet a crushing defeat at Wulin (烏林).[14]

Battles in central Jing Province[edit] Main article: Battle of Jiangling (208) Following the Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu led Sun Quan's forces to further attack Nan commandery (南郡; around present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), which was defended by Cao Cao's general Cao Ren. Zhou Yu sent Gan Ning to guard Yiling (夷陵; around present-day Yichang, Hubei), but Cao Ren ordered his subordinates to attack Yiling later. Gan Ning was under siege so he requested aid from Zhou Yu, who followed Lü Meng's plan to leave Ling Tong behind to defend their position while Zhou and the other generals would lead reinforcements to help Gan Ning.[15][16] Ling Tong was left alone to engage the enemy in battle for about ten days under numerical disadvantage, but he managed to triumph against the odds by holding his ground firmly while his comrades were away. The battle dragged on until Cao Ren was eventually ordered to abandon Nan commandery, resulting in the capture of the commandery by Sun Quan's forces. Ling Tong was promoted to Colonel (校尉) for his achievements in the battle[17]

Ling Tong later moved east and followed Lü Meng and Gan Ning to attack Cao Cao's garrison at Huan (皖) and they succeeded in conquering it. He was promoted to "General of the Household Who Rocks Bandits" (盪寇中郎將) and was appointed as the Chancellor (相) of Pei (沛). In 215, Ling Tong joined Lü Meng in capturing Liu Bei's three commanderies of Changsha (長沙), Lingling (零陵) and Guiyang (桂陽). Subsequently, they returned to Yiyang (益陽) to counter Guan Yu's army, which advanced south in an attempt to retake the lost commanderies.[notes 2][18] The territorial dispute was eventually resolved when both Sun Quan and Liu Bei agreed to divide Jing Province between their respective domains along the Xiang River.

Conflict with Gan Ning[edit] Ling Tong had never forgiven Gan Ning for killing his father Ling Cao. Gan Ning was always on the defensive against Ling Tong and he avoided meeting the latter. Sun Quan also ordered Ling Tong not to seek vengeance on Gan Ning. There was one incident during a banquet held in Lü Meng's house, which both Ling Tong and Gan Ning attended. When Ling Tong was performing a sword dance to entertain the guests, Gan Ning stood up and said, "I can also perform with my pair of jis." Lü Meng told Gan Ning, "You may be good in performing, but you're not as good as me." He then drew his sword and carried a shield and stood between Ling Tong and Gan Ning, separating the two of them. When Sun Quan heard about the incident, he had Gan Ning relocated to a garrison at Banzhou (半州).[19]

Battle of Xiaoyao Ford[edit] Main article: Battle of Xiaoyao Ford After reaffirming his alliance with Liu Bei, Sun Quan personally led an army to attack Hefei, which was defended by Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao, in order to divert Cao Cao's attention from Hanzhong, where Liu was attacking.[notes 3] Ling Tong served as a "Commandant of the Right Section" (右部督) during this campaign.[20] Sun Quan's forces suffered heavy losses in the early skirmishes against Zhang Liao and were unable to conquer Hefei. When a plague broke out among his troops, Sun Jian decided to give up on the campaign and retreat.

At Xiaoyao Ford (逍遙津), Sun Quan's other divisions retreated first while Sun himself remained behind with about only 1,000 men and a few officers (including Lü Meng, Jiang Qin, Ling Tong and Gan Ning). When Zhang Liao saw that, he immediately led his troops out of Hefei to launch a counterattack, completely taking Sun Quan by surprise. Sun Quan wanted to recall the divisions which had retreated first but realised that they could not return in time. Ling Tong personally led 300 men and broke into the enemy encirclement to rescue his lord.[21] After Sun Quan managed to escape by making his horse jump across the broken bridge and reach the other side of the ford, Ling Tong returned to the battlefield and continued to fight on, slaying dozens of enemies. He sustained several wounds all over his body and all his men had been killed. He only retreated when he assessed the situation and concluded that Sun Quan was safe.[22]

As the bridge had already been destroyed, Ling Tong had to wade through the water while still clad in his armour. By then, Sun Quan had already boarded a ship and he was surprised and delighted to see that Ling Tong was still alive. Ling Tong was very saddened as all his close aides had died and he could not contain his sorrow. Sun Quan wiped Ling Tong's tears and said, "Gongji, let the dead go. As long as you live, why worry that you'll have no men under you?" As Ling Tong's injuries were very severe, Sun Quan kept him on board the ship and let him have a change of clothing. With the aid of quality medicine, Ling Tong managed to survive.[23] He was promoted to Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) later and was given twice the number of troops he originally commanded.[24]

Pacifying the Shanyue[edit] The Shanyue were tribal peoples rooted in the Wuyue region of ancient China during the Han Dynasty. Since the southern part of China was not yet controlled by the Han government (the Han imperial court only claimed the ownership of the lands, but lacked the power to exert direct influence in reality), the Shanyue people would perform regular raids against Han citizens to gather living essentials.[25] Since the day the Sun family and their forces set foot in Jiangdong, the Shanyue had been a nuisance for them.

Sun Jian had launched countless campaigns against them, but to no avail because the Shanyue had been living in the hills for a long time and they knew the area well, and would go into hiding once they lost a battle.[notes 4] However, Ling Tong attempted a different approach to deal with the Shanyue, he proposed that Sun Jian should attempt to win the hearts of the Shanyue and assimilate them instead of purely using military force to hamper them. He reasoned that if they could impress the Shanyue with the dignity of Sun Quan's administration and potential rewards, the Shanyue would succumb to them without bloodshed. After he was granted the staff of authority to request materiel from counties when required, he led a unit with flamboyant weapons and armour to begin his grand tactics. When the Shanyue discovered Sun Quan's forces after the latter had already ventured deep into their territories, they were indeed stunned by Ling Tong's unit; then Ling came out and told them if they would join Sun Quan's army, handsome rewards would be offered. Ling Tong's plan was a great success — tens of thousands of Shanyue men came out from their caves and joined him. He then selected 10,000 able-bodied men to form a unit and returned.[26] Because of Ling Tong's success, his strategy would be adopted and modified by Zhuge Ke, another Wu general, at a later time.

Lu Xun (183–264),[1] courtesy name Boyan, was a military general and politician and Regent of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He started his career as an official under the warlord Sun Jian in the late Eastern Han dynasty, steadily rising through the ranks until 219, when he assisted Sun Jian's general Lü Meng in an invasion of Jing Province, which led to the defeat of Liu Bei's general Guan Yu. In 222, he served as the field commander of the Wu armies in the Battle of Xiaoting against the forces of Liu Bei and scored a decisive victory over the enemy. Lu Xun reached the pinnacle of his career after this battle as he was highly regarded by Sun Jian Sun Quan and Gongye Jin, who promoted him to even higher positions and bestowed upon him unprecedented honours. Throughout the middle and the later parts of his career, Lu Xun oversaw and managed both civil and military affairs in Wu while participating in some battles against Wu's rival state Wei from time to time.

Huang Gai (147-222),[1] courtesy name Gongfu, was a military general who served under the warlord Sun Jian in the late Eastern Han dynasty. he is one of the general who serve Sun Jian early in Sun career

Fu Gong (161-241), courtesy name Xingyan was a official who serve under Warlord Sun Jian in the Late Han Dynasty Fu Gong suggest his lord when To either fight or surrender and Sun Jian choose To Fight and gain high rank later in his Carear he continue to serve under Eastern Wu that was founded by Sun Jian Early Life Early Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Ce Later Service under Sun Jian Advise to Sun Jian to Fight or Surrender to Cao Cao The Sun Liu Territorial Dispute Lu Meng Invasion of Jing Provice Battle of Xiaoting Service under Sun Quan Death

Sun Deng (209-266),[1] courtesy name Zigao Formerly known as Emperor Xian of Wu was the Third Emperors of Eastern Wu During the Three Kingdoms Period struggle between Succession between Sun He Sun Ba Sun Xiu and Sun Liang who Sun Quan Favor was Sun Liang due to favoring Sun Liang Mother Empress Pan Sun Xiu in desperation to succeed his Father but after Sun Quan death Sun Jun consider to put Sun Liang to throne but Sun Jun died of illness and Sun Deng was able to succeed his Father under the advice of Lu Xun Son Lu Kang and Sun Quan Nepthew Sun Jin He was consider capable as his Father was he show to be wise and vitreous emperor he at least manage to govern his state well despite much corruption was made before he become a emperor Early Life Succession Dispute Early Reign Middle Reign Late Reign Death Sun Deng fell ill before his Death he issue that his Brother Sun Xiu succeed him and believe that his son it not capable to be an Emperor

Xue Jin (172-241),[1] courtesy name Zihong was a Military General who serve under Warlord Sun Jian during the Late Eastern Han Dynasty he continue serve under Eastern Wu that was Founded by Sun Jian Early Life Service under Sun Jian and Sun Ce Battle of the Red Cliff The Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Service under Sun Quan Death

Peng Jue (166-222),[1] courtesy name Xianzhong was a Military General who serve under Warlord Sun Jian during the Late Han Dynasty he breifly continue serve under Eastern Wu that was Founded by Sun Jian Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Zhu Yuan (167-222),[1] courtesy name Yancheng was a Military General who serve under Warlord Sun Jian during the late Eastern Han Dynasty he briefly serve the State of Eastern Wu that was founded by Sun Jian he was capture by The Shu General Liao Hua Liu Bei demand him to surrender but refuse and exclaim if I surreder to you I would betray my lord there by I shall not abandon my loyaty and was executed and Sun Jian mourn his Death Greatly Zhu Yuan was known for his devoted Loyalty to his Lord Early Life Service under Sun Jian Saving Sun Jian Service under Sun Ce Later Service under Sun Jian Battle of the Red Cliff The Sun Liu Teritorial Dispute Battle of Xiaoyao Lu Meng Invasion of Jing Provice Battle of Xiaoting and Death

Lu Xu (189-229),[1] courtesy name Yanzhong was Military General and Politician of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period

Deng Xiu (169-229),[1] courtesy name Xiantang was a General who serve under Warlord Sun Jian during the late Eastern Han Dynasty he continue to serve under the State of Eastern Wu that was founded by Sun Jian Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Chen Yun (169-236),[1] courtesy name Wenchen was a Military General who serve under Warlord Sun Jian during the late Eastern Han Dynasty he continue to serve under the State of Eastern Wu that was founded by Sun Jian

Shi Zhen (c. 184–263), Courtesy name Anshu was a Military General of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Feng Ping (c. 183–264), Courtesy name Zidu was a Military General of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Ying Zhang (c. 170–238), Courtesy name Yuanji was a Military General of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Zhongli Dao (c. 179–253), Courtesy name Huzong was a Military General of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Sun Xing (c. 157–232), courtesy name Bozhu was a Military General of state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period he was the Cousin of Sun Jian and serve him during the Late Han Dynasty Early Life and Carrear Batte of Xiangyang Battle of The Red Cliff Lu Meng Invasion of Jing Province Death

Sun Jin (c. 211–278), Courtesy name Zhongbo was a Military General of the State of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period he was the son of Lady Sun the Daughter of Sun Jian she gave birth Sun Jin by the time Lady Sun was separated from Liu Bei there is Little record that Sun Jin is Liu Bei son his mother died when he was just 12 year old his uncle Sun Quan personally raise Sun Jin his childhood became well known factor in the Three Kingdom Early life and Childhood Carrear Sucession Issue As a Regent Fall of Wu Reestablish Wu Quarry with Sun Hao Death

Xiu Che (c. 166–235 ), courtesy name Wenjun was a Official under Warlord Sun Jian during the Late Han Dynasty

Gongye Jin (c. 182–237 ), courtesy name Wuzong was a Official Politician and Chancellor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdom Period Gongye Jin was known to be a Brilliant Strategist and for his Wise conduction with Strategy he assist Sun Jian in many campaign during the late Han Dynasty he also launch number of expedition against the rival state of Cao Wei although he did not achieve much or succes in these campaign he successfully drove of several Wei Invasion by the First and Second Emperor of Wei Cao Ang and Cao Pi until his death Early Life Service under Sun Jian Battle of Jiangxia Battle of The Red Cliff The Sun Liu Territorial Dispute Advise what to do with Guan Yu Battle of Xiaoting Service under Sun Quan As a Regent Northern Expedition Battle of Xiejing Death

Xue Guan (c. 141–228), courtesy name Xuanzhong was a official of state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Xue Yong (c. 169–235), courtesy name Zitai was a Military General of state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period Early Life Service under Sun Jian Service under Sun Quan

Yin History Liu Cao (c. 170–245),Courtesy name Xiangda was a Military General who serve under warlord Liu Bei in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty he served under him for 30 year of his life time he only serve under Shu Han about 11 year before Zhuge Liang death he was known as a brilliant General with excellent deception with Strategy and with many skill other as when he establish the State of Yin he show to be a Brilliant Leader the state would later become the Yin Dynasty establish by his Grandson Liu Quan Early Life Liu Cao was from Xiaopei his Father was Liu Chong who served as a General and Politician for the Han Dynasty he study Strategy and art of Sun Tzu when he was ten year old he learn military ability as he reach to adult age he would begin his Military Career Service under Liu Bei Service under Shu Han Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition Lead a Army to Conquer Jing Province Establish The Yin State Repealing Lu Xun Invasion Battle of Jiangling 245 Death

Fei Liang (c. 181–253), Courtesy name Konghe was Politician and official under the Yin state and was also a official under Liu Bei in the Late Han Dynasty he is one know as greatest people in His era along Zhuge Liang he gain much accomplish many during his lifetime Early Life Service under Liu Bei Sevice under Liu Cao Support Yin Establishment Lu Xun Invasions Battle of Jiangling Multiples Shu Han and Eastern Wu Invasion Death

Guan Cheng (c. 192–264), Courtesy name Yanrong was a Military General who serve under the State of Yin in the Three Kingdom Period Early Life

Zhang Jin (c. 194–264), Courtesy name Yidao was a Military General who serve under the State of Yin during The Three Kingdom Period

Liu Deng (c. 207–265), Courtesy Name Yangwu was a Warlord and Ruler of the State of Yin during the Three Kingdoms He was the Eldest Son of Liu Cao he majorly Know success in the Repelling multiple Invasion Led by Lu Xun and Conquer the two state of Shu Han and Eastern Wu he took the Title King of Yin after the conqueror Eastern Wu his Son Liu Quan would later establish the Yin Dynasty and would engage another all war to unified China

Liu Ying (c. 211–290), Courtesy Name Xinde Was a General Politician who serve under the state of Yin he was Liu Cao Second Son Liu Ying Support his Father rise his own forces and assist his Brother Liu Deng in many Battle he soon become a Chancellor For the Yin Dynasty

Niu Dun (c. 206–290), Courtesy Name Yuzong was a Military General of The of Yin State during the Three Kingdom Period he was known for his Brash Bravery Fei Liang one said he would have loose his life of his reckless Bravery yet he survive through many battle and ambush he go through it been said that Zhao Liang predict that Niu Dun continue living until he died at 290 mostly natural cause

Emperor Xian of Yin (c. 236–290), Courtesy name Zizhang personal name Liu Quan was first Emperor of Yin and the Founder of the Yin Dynasty He was the Son of Liu Deng and Grandson of Liu Cao their effort had him founded the Yin Dynasty he was Known to be a Resourceful Benevolent and a Honorable and wise Ruler of Yin Dynasty he gave build up new build and more resources for county or area  lower taxes to give perfect environment for the people he was also know to focus all important matter

Zhuo Yun (c. 197–264), Courtesy name Zidan was a Military General who serve under the state of Yin during The Three Kingdom Period

Dian Yong (c. 190–264), Courtesy name Zhengxian was a Military General who serve under the state Yin during The Three Kingdom Period He was consider to be the mightiest warrior in the Three Kingdom era

Mi Dian (c. 206–271), Courtesy name Dezhong was a Military General who serve under the state of Yin during The Three Kingdom Period he was best know for overwhelming the state of Cao Wei when invaded it territory despite he fight well in his first battle as a Commander he retreat due to outstage of supplies Mi Dian was excellent Comander with capable intellgiance he handle well with politics and Military Affair or other domestic affair

Wang Huai (c. 204–283), Courtesy name Xuandong was a Military General and Politician who serve under the state of Yin during The Three Kingdom Period he was know for loosing at Chang An it cause some weakning in northern Yin Territory but achieve Sucess in the Battle of Chang Jiang against the state of Cao Wei regent Sima Shi

Jiang Hui (c. 225–290), Courtesy name Yincheng was Military General of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period he continue serve The state later Yin Dynasty until his death

Xiahou Pi (c. 198–268), Courtesy name Zhongchen was a Military General of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period he was the third son of Xiahou Yuan he formerly serve under the state of Cao Wei he defected to Yin when the Sima clan seize control power and government from Cao Wei

Jia Dai (c. 206–268), Courtesy name Xianwen was Military General and Politician of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period he was recomanded as Fei Liang successor as he was famously known for defeat Sima Shi at Chang Jiang with a genius fire attack he handle well on political affair and military consider a capable general he also mastered all of Zhuge Liang Strategy he formerly serve under Cao Wei before defecting to Yin Early Life Service under Liu Deng Battle of Chang Jiang River Service under Yin Dynasty

Yuan Jian (c. 195–271), Courtesy name Liangdu was a Military General and Politician who serve under the state of Yin during The Three Kingdom Period he was the nephew of powerful warlord Yuan Shao he fled to Jing while then live his life as civilian when Liu Cao went to claim Jing Yuan Jian offer to serve Liu Cao did not focus on Yuan much until few year later give him high position in his later Carear gain much more achievement during his life time he reestablish the Yuan Line by adopted children and gather Concubine

Meng Gui (c. 204–268), Courtesy name Jishang was Military General of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period

Sima Dan (c. 206–260), Courtesy name Yuchong was a Military General of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period he was best known for his betrayal he betray Yin and Defect to Cao Wei he betray Cao Wei and Murder the Cao Wei Regent Sima Shi and join An Shu and was kill by his former colleague Niu Dun when he was child his brother Sima Ping massacre his Clan Sima Dan was relate to the side of the Sima Clan who seize control the Wei government

Zhou Tang (c. 170–260), Courtesy name Xuanwei was a Military General of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period he had a closed to Liu Cao he wish to become the leader of Yin Goverment but kill by Sima Dan for being responsible urge Sima Ping to massacre the Sima Clan

Yu Ping (c. 176–266), Courtesy name Lingyi was a Military General and Official of the State of Yin During the Three Kingdoms Period

Sima Ping (c. 198–256), Courtesy name was a Military General and Official of the Wuyang Rebel During the Three Kingdoms Period

Other History Liu Zheng (c. 170–199), courtesy name Ansi was Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty Early Life Marriage to Lady Cao Betraying Cao Cao

Lady Cao (c. 172–230), was the Wife of Warlord Liu Zheng who live in the Late Han Dynasty and was also the Sister of Warlord Cao Cao she later remarried to Cao Cao General Ding Hong after Liu Zheng Death

Wu Dan (c. 160–199), courtesy name Huande was  a General who serve under Warlord Shi Lian in the Late Han Dynasty

Li Chong (c. 158–199), courtesy name Xiaoda was Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty

Shi Lian (c. 136–197), courtesy name Wuji was a Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty Early Life Yellow Turban Rebellion Alliance against Dong Zhuo Rise of Power Conflict with Fu Guang Battle of the Yellow River Death

Fu Guang (c. 146–198), courtesy name Xudu was a Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty

Yao Zhi (c. 126–196), courtesy name Xuanzu was a Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty

Yao Jun (c. 143–198), courtesy name Xuanmou was Warlord who live in the Late Han Dynasty

Yao Ning (c. 165–198), courtesy name Yongqi was A general who live in the Late Han Dynasty

Fan Zheng (c. 158–207), courtesy name Mingzong was a Official who serve under Warlord Yuan Shao in the Late Han Dynasty Early Life Service under Yuan Shao Campaign against Gongsun Zan Battle of Boma and Yan Ford Battle of Guandu Death

Tao Cong (c. 165–207), courtesy name Xiaoren was a Military General who serve under Warlord Yuan Shao in the Late Han Dynasty Early Life Service under Yuan Shao Campaign against Gongsun Zan Battle of Boma and Yan Ford Battle of Guandu Death

Yang Rong (c. died 200), was a official who live in late Eastern Han Dynasty he plot to assasinate Cao Cao with Dong Cheng but was discover and was executed

Shu Dynasty History. Huo Hao (c. 155–223), Courtesy name Xuanzong was a Warlord and Penutinate Chancellor During late Eastern Han Dynasty he rose to great power during his time and Founded the Shu Dynasty as it First Emperor he was consider one of the Greatest Emperor of all time despite his reign last more then three year Early Life Alliance against Dong Zhuo Rise of Power Campaign in the Central Plain Conflict against Lu Bu Recruiting Zhuge Liang Battle of Guan Du The Huo Xiang Conflict Reunified Northern China Fighting against Xiang Guang Defeating Xiang Guang and Unified half of China Promotion of Duke Dealing with Zhou Liang and Wei Battle Of Han Zhong Guan Yu Death Ascending the Throne Dealing with The Zhou Army Eliminating Gongsun Sheng Battle of Xiao Ting Defeat and Death Legacy

Huo Zhi (c. 187–265), Courtesy name Wenzong was the Second Emperor of the  Shu Dynasty he succeeded his Father Huo Hao as Emperor after His Defeat  and  Death against Sun Quan at Xiaoting he led a number of expedition in north through out his reign with assistant of Zhuge Liang Sima Yi and his Son and he led the Shu Dynasty to full extent during his reign he was consider one of the Greatest Emperor of Chinese History Early Life and Career Succession Issue Succeeding His Father Early Reign Northern Military Campaign Expansion at North Middle Reign Late Reign Legacy

Other History Western Han History Chu Han Zhou History Liu Bang (c. 254–195), Courtesy name Ji was a Warlord during the Late Qin Dynasty and Founding Emperor of The Han Dynasty Early Life Rebellion Against the Qin Dynasty Chu Han Zhou Contention Feast at Hong Gate Conquest of the Three Qin Battle of Pengcheng Battle of Jingxing and the Wei River Battle of Gaixia Reign Military Campaign Succession Dispute Death

Xiao He (c. 243–180), Courtesy name Ziwen was a Chinese statesman of the early Western Han dynasty. He served Liu Bang (Emperor Gao), the founder of the Han dynasty, during the insurrection against the Qin dynasty, and fought on Liu's side in the Chu Han Zhou Contention against Liu's rival, Xiang Yu and Ji Hong. After the founding of the Han dynasty, Xiao He became the chancellor and held office until his death. For his contributions, he is also known as one of the "Five Great Statemans of the early Han dynasty" (漢初三傑), along with Sima Che Zhuge Yi Sun Zhu and Zhang Liang. Early life[edit] Xiao He was born in Fengyi County, Sishui Commandery (present-day Feng County, Jiangsu). In his early days, he served as a gongcao (功曹; magistrate's secretary) in the administrative office of Pei County. He was studious, tactful and amiable. He was well versed in law and had a wide network of friends and acquaintances, among whom include Liu Bang, Cao Shen, Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying and Zhou Bo.

Insurrection against the Qin dynasty[edit] Once, Liu Bang released some prisoners he was escorting to Mount Li to be labourers, and became a fugitive. He hid in an outlaw stronghold on Mount Mangdang (in present-day Yongcheng, Henan) and maintained secret contact with Xiao He and Cao Shen. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang started the Dazexiang Uprising to overthrow the Qin dynasty, and was followed by numerous other rebellions throughout China. The magistrate of Pei County considered rebelling as well, so he heeded Xiao He and Cao Shen's advice to invite Liu Bang back to support him. However, he changed his mind later and denied Liu Bang's party entry into the city. As he was afraid that Xiao He and Cao Shen might open the gates for Liu Bang, he intended to have them executed, but Xiao and Cao escaped and joined Liu. As suggested by Xiao He, Liu Bang had letters sent to the townsfolk, fired into the city on arrows, urging them to join him. The people responded to Liu Bang's call and killed the magistrate and welcomed him back into the city.

After returning to Pei County, the townsfolk wanted Liu Bang to lead them to overthrow the Qin dynasty. However, Liu Bang expressed reluctance in taking up the leadership position and the people agreed to decide their leader by luck. Xiao He was in charge of the process and he had the names of ten respectable men in town, including Liu Bang, written on separate pieces of paper and shuffled. Xiao He then asked Liu Bang to pick any piece from the pile, without seeing the name on it, and Liu picked his own name by chance. Liu Bang looked at Xiao He and wanted to decline again. Xiao He immediately grabbed the remaining pieces of paper, put them into his mouth and chewed them to shreds, after which he proclaimed Liu Bang as their leader. Liu Bang became known as the "Duke of Pei" and built his rebel army in Pei County, with Xiao He and his friends supporting him. Liu Bang learnt from Xiao He later that actually all the ten pieces of paper contained his name, and Xiao had deliberately tampered with the system to help him.

In 206 BC, the Qin dynasty collapsed after the last Qin ruler, Ziying, surrendered to Liu Bang. Liu Bang's army occupied the Qin capital Xianyang. Upon entering the Epang Palace, Liu Bang and most of his men seized treasures and women for themselves, while Xiao He rushed to the chancellor's office and ordered it to be heavily guarded. Xiao He then brought a few men with him to collect all official documents in the office and bring them out safely. Xiao He later explained that the documents were more valuable than riches and women, because they contained crucial information about the Qin Empire and would be useful in intelligence.

Chu–Han Zhou Contention[edit] Main article: Chu–Han Contention Recommending Han Xin[edit] Liu Bang was forced to retreat from Xianyang later as Xiang Yu's army arrived and occupied the city. After plundering Xianyang and destroying the palace, Xiang Yu divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms. Liu Bang received the title of "King of Han" and was relocated to the remote Bashu region (in present-day Sichuan), with Xiao He and his followers accompanying him. Liu Bang was unhappy and wanted to attack Xiang Yu because the land of Guanzhong rightfully belonged to him, according to an earlier promise by Emperor Yi of Chu, but was granted by Xiang to three surrendered Qin generals instead. However, Xiao He and others managed to persuade Liu Bang to temporarily remain in Bashu and build up his forces in preparation for a battle for supremacy with Xiang Yu later. Xiao He was appointed by Liu Bang as the chancellor of the Han kingdom.

During that time, Xiao He met Han Xin, who had recently joined Liu Bang's army and was serving as a low-ranking soldier, and recognised Han Xin's brilliance in military strategy. Not long later, many of Liu Bang's men deserted as they were unable to cope with living in remote Bashu, and Han Xin also left as he was disappointed because he felt his talent would go to waste in Liu Bang's camp. When Xiao He learnt that Han Xin had left, he immediately rushed to find Han and bring him back, without managing to inform Liu Bang in time. Xiao He caught up with Han Xin after trailing him for a few days, even at night, and succeeded in persuading Han to return. Meanwhile, Liu Bang thought that Xiao He had also deserted him and was shocked, but was relieved when he saw Xiao returning with Han Xin days later. Liu Bang asked Xiao He, "Of all those who deserted, why did you choose to bring back Han Xin only?" Xiao He then strongly recommended Han Xin to Liu Bang, saying that Han's talent was unmatched. Liu Bang heeded Xiao He's suggestion and appointed Han Xin as a general. Conquest of the Three Qin In 206 BC, Liu Bang conquered the Three Qins and left Xiao He in charge of Guanzhong and Bashu, while he led his army eastward to attack Xiang Yu's Western Chu kingdom. Xiao He governed those territories effectively and provided support to Liu Bang's army at the warfront in the form of supplies, provisions and reinforcements. While in Guanzhong, Xiao He restored peace and order by implementing a new system of governance and reconstructing destroyed buildings. Under the new system, taxes were readjusted to reduce the burden on the poor; land that used to belong to the Qin aristocracy was redistributed to peasants, in order to increase agricultural output; capable and respectable men were selected from among commoners to assist government officials in administration. Battle of Gaixia Liu Bang eventually defeated Xiang Yu at the Battle of Gaixia in 202 BC and unified China under his rule. He was proclaimed "Emperor" and became historically known as "Emperor Gaozu of Han". The following year, when Gaozu rewarded his subjects according to their contributions, Xiao He received the title of "Marquis of Zan" (酇侯) in addition to his appointment as chancellor. Besides, Gaozu also granted Xiao He a rare special privilege: Xiao was allowed to enter the imperial court carrying a sword and with his shoes on, and not required to walk in briskly while others had to.

In service during the Western Han dynasty[edit]

In 201 BC, Emperor Gaozu wanted to build his capital in Luoyang but Lou Jing suggested Xianyang instead, because it was surrounded by natural defences such as mountain passes, and had fertile land for agriculture. Gaozu put Xiao He in charge of the constructions in Xianyang. Two years later, the project was completed and Xiao He took Gaozu on a tour of Xianyang. The new palace was called Weiyang Palace and served as the central imperial palace throughout the Western Han dynasty and Xin dynasty. Gaozu also renamed Xianyang to "Chang'an", which meant "long-lasting peace".

Role in Han Xin's downfall[edit] In 196 BC, while Gaozu was away on a military campaign to suppress a rebellion by Chen Xi (陳豨), one of Han Xin's servants reported to Empress Lü Zhi that his master was involved in a conspiracy with Chen Xi and was planning a coup in Chang'an. Empress Lü approached Xiao He for help and they formulated a plan to lure Han Xin into a trap. Xiao He had an imperial edict sent to Han Xin, announcing news of Gaozu's victory over Chen Xi, asking Han to meet the emperor and offer his congratulations. As soon as Han Xin arrived in Changle Palace, he was arrested and executed in a torturous manner for alleged treason. Later Life In 195 BC, Xiao He saw that Chang'an was becoming more congested and the imperial garden was full of uncultivated land, hence he suggested to Gaozu to carve out parts of the garden and grant them to peasants as farmland. Gaozu was unhappy and accused Xiao He of accepting bribes and dishonouring imperial authority. Xiao He was arrested and imprisoned, but was released later after Gaozu was convinced that Xiao He had the people's interests at heart. Gaozu summoned Xiao He to see him and he responded with jest and embarrassment, "The chancellor was asking for the fields in the imperial garden out of interest for the people, but I did not approve. This showed that I'm only like Jie and Zhou", and that you're the most understanding chancellor. Therefore, I intentionally imprisoned you to show the people that I'm a tyrant." After the death of Gaozu, Xiao He continued serving Gaozu's successor Emperor Hui as chancellor

Plot to remove Sima Che and Death Empress Lu Zhi domain Court Policies after Gaozu Death Lu Zhi became weary Sima Che influence in the court so ask Xiao He and Chen Ping for help and they formulated a plan to lure Sima Che into a trap. Xiao He had an imperial edict sent to Sima Che asking to see the Empress but Sima Che Claim to be ill and cannot received anyone

Xiao He then propose to had someone rebel and had Sima Che to suppress the rebellion then lure him to ambush once Sima Che is done suppress the rebellion Lu Zhi agree and sent a letter to a Governor official name Yan Mao in Ankang to start the rebellion

later Xiao He was invited to Sima Che household for at a banquet along with other official Xiao He was shock to see Sima Che there and did not went to suppress Yan Mao Rebellion Sima Che call Zhang Yao and Xiang He and Zhang Yao throw Yan Mao head on the floor shocking Xiao He and the official Sima Che Already knew about his plot to had him eliminated under The Empress order and already had Zhang Yao and Xiang He slew Yan Mao before he could start his rebellion Sima Che confronted Xiao He but spare him and told Xiao He you might cause Han Xin and Guan Zheng downfall but you can not cause mine my success and failure will not be due to you

Soon Sima Che led his Coup to overthrown Empress Lu Zhi and had Lu Zhi and her entire family executed Sima Che also executed Empress Zhang Yan for tresson although Emperor Hui try to convince Sima Che to spare her but Sima Che execute her anyway and later Sima Che force Emperor Hui to yield the throne to another son of Gaozu name Liu Heng later Known as Emperor Wen because his mother Consort Bo Known to be filial and kind included her Family under Sima Che advice Emperors Wen banish Imperial relative from Emperor Hui line later Sima Che then took over the Position of Chancellor after Xiao He died of illness three month later after the coup Sima Che then appointed Cao Shen as right chancellor and share the power with Cao Shen continue Xiao He rule and did not applied new changes Emperor Wen later Granted Xiao He the posthomous title Marquis Wenhuan witch liters mean the Civil and Diligence Marquis Descendants[edit] Xiao He's great-grandson, Xiao Biao (蕭彪), moved to Lanling (near present-day Zaozhuang, Shandong) and led a reclusive life there. One of his descendants, Xiao Daocheng, later became the founder of Southern Qi during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period.

Han Xin (c.238–196), Courtesy name Yuanchong was Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty and serve under the Han Dynasty that was Founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Zhang Liang (c.241–186) Courtesy name Zifeng was official under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty and serve as a official of the Han Dynasty that was Founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Yue Cheng (c.242–166), Courtesy name Shucheng was Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty he serve under the Han Dynasty that was founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Zhuge Yi (c.228 –140), Courtesy name Kongwen was a official and a Advisor who serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty and serve as a very important official of the Han Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Cai Tong (c.243–178), Courtesy name Yilong was Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty he continue to serve the Han Dynasty that founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Death

Zhao Yuan (c.238–176), Courtesy name Suizong was a Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty and continue serve under the Han Dynasty that was founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Death

Sun Zhu (c.239–160), Courtesy name Wenshi was a Official serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Death

Guan Zheng (c.239–196), Courtesy name Yunzhong was a Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Downfall and Death Posthumous Honer

Xu Quan (c.241–190), Courtesy name Hongyuan was Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Death

Zhang Yao (c.232–169), Courtesy name Mengping was Military General serve under Warlord Liu Bang during the Late Qin Dynasty he continue to serve the Han Dynasty that was founded by Liu Bang Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Hua Zhou (c. 270–190 ), courtesy name Yansheng was a Military General under Liu Bang the Founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Death

Fa Cheng (c. 246–164 ), courtesy name Xiaoming was a Official under Liu Bang the Founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty he sided with Liu Bang during long Struggle for Power against Liu Bang rivals Xiang Yu and Ji Cheng Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Sima Che (c. 232–150 ), courtesy name Zhongde was a official under Warlord Liu Bang the founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty and was one of the Five Great Statesman of Gaozu along with Xiao He Zhang Liang Zhuge Yi and Sun Zhu Sima Che was known be to cunning and a dumbfound schemer he was clever enough to survial several politcial scene by Lu Clan Sima Che then overthrown the Lu Clan from power executed Empress Lu Zhi and her family and order Emperor Hui to yield the Throne to Liu Heng he appoint himself as Chancellor after the death Xiao He Sima Che play a role of streghning the Han regime witch eventually lead a strong long reign of the Future Emperor Wu of Han one of his descendant was Sima Yi who laid the Foundation of the Jin Dynasty Early Life Joining Liu Bang Feast at the Hong Gate Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty Advice to Han Xin and Guan Zheng Overthrown the Lu Clan As a Paramount Authority Death

Huo Rong (c. 226–145 ), courtesy name Gongyuan was a Military General under Liu Bang the Founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Feng Xian (c. 236–159 ), courtesy name Zhongwen was a Military General under Liu Bang the Founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty Early Life Chu Han Zhou Contention Service in the Han Dynasty

Yao Jin (c.238–170), Courtesy name Jinghu was a Military General serve under Warlord Xiang Yu during the Late Qin Dynasty

Jia He (c.234–173), Courtesy name Zhongyang was Military General serve under Warlord Xiang Yu during the Late Qin Dynasty

Shi Xian (c.233–181), Courtesy name Minghao was Official serve under Warlord Xiang Yu during the Late Qin Dynasty

Cheng Lang (c.239–196), Courtesy name Yingzong was Military General serve under Warlord Xiang Yu during the Late Qin Dynasty

Ji Hong (c.251–202), Courtesy name Cheng better known as Ji Cheng was a prominent Warlord who live in the Late Qin Dynasty he conquer the southerneast China and become part of His Domain he was a descendant of the royal house of The Zhou Dynasty he engage a 4 year struggle for Supremacy against Liu Bang the founding Emperor of the Han Dynasty and Xiang Yu the hegemony king that become known as the Chu Han Zhou Contention he met his defeat in the Battle of Wuhan he commit suicide after his defeat Early Life Rebellion against the Qin Dynasty Eighteen Kingdoms Chu Han Zhou Contention Defeat and Downfall Death

Wu Yu (c. 155–91), courtesy name Yuancheng was a Military General of the Western Han Dynasty and serve as High Military Commander under Emperor Wu of Han Early Life and Career The Xian Jing Rebellion Military Campaign against the Xiongnu Death

Liu Qin (c. 173–90), courtesy name Guangyin was a Imperial Prince and official and general of the Han Dynasty he was the youngest son of Emperor Wen he serve as a Advisor for his nephew Emperor Wu and play a significant role for of his nephew Military Campaign that led the Han Dynasty to full extent and Liu Qin was one of Emperor Wu closet relative Early Life Liu Qin was born 173 BC his Mother was Consort Xiao while she was not his favorite but it was known that Emperor Wen Admire Liu Qin as he was studious and once consider replace Liu Qi as Crown Prince but when Liu Qin heard of this he rush to his father telling him that Liu Qi was just capable to succeeded him and do not wish any trouble with succession Emperor Wen soon change his mind about switching crown prince During Emperor Jing Regin Emperor Wen died in 157 BC and was succeeded by Liu Qi and was known as Emperor Jing Service under Emperor Wu Recomanded Zhuge Wen Campaign against Minyue and Nanyue The Xian Jing Rebellion Campaign against the Xiongnu

Zhao Liang (c. 172–268), courtesy name Mingwen was diviner scholar Historian and poet during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdom Period he was best known for predicting many outcome and estimated many part in as he predict the Han Dynasty will end by Cao Cao Son Cao Ang predicted that That Sima Yi Grandson will establish a new dynasty as he write down all the record for the Three Kingdoms period he is also to know to describe Cao Cao Liu Bei and Sun Jian as Collectively known as the Three Heroes Early life Prediction He Jin death and Yuan Shao massacre the 10 eunuch Prediction on Dong Zhuo will seize control imperial power Prediction on Dong Zhuo death Prediction on of Cao Cao Rise of power Prediction on Cao Cao seize control Yuan Shao Teritory after his death Prediction on Liu Bei recruiting Zhuge Liang Prediction on of Cao Cao Defeat at The Red Cliffs Prediction on of Liu Bei seize control western border of China Prediction on The end of the Han Dynasty Prediction on the The Establish of the Three Kingdoms and outcome Evaluate Cao Cao Zhao Liang stated the follow about Cao Cao as a merciless tyrant but view him to good leader with solitude and goodness and A Military Genius and also treat his subordinate as his own Family Zhao Liang comment on Cao Cao and Said Cao Cao is leader with brilliance who show solitude in his rule although he was view as a traitor and a tyrant he was viturous  enough to allow Guan Yu to return to Liu Bei and order his men not pursuit him this show that he isn't truly a merciless person Evaluate Liu Bei Zhao Liang describe Liu Bei as a Wise and Virtuous and A brilliant leader and Politician praise for being humane ruler Zhao compare him Emperor Wen of Han who was known to one benevolent ruler in chinese history he was belevonent ruler he also not willing to take advantage of people who treat him well he was not willing take Xu Province from Tao Qian nor take Jing Province from Liu Biao even Liu Biao offer it him though Zhuge Liang caution Liu Bei that Cao Cao might easily take control over the province if he refuse the offer Liu Bei refuse out of integrity and endure his hardship and manage overcome his disadvantages he refuse to abandon his people and did not think of anything else

Cai Hong (c. 221–293), courtesy name Shide was Historian in the early Jin Dynasty

Zhou Wen (c. 165–219), courtesy name Zhangwu was a Politician  who live in the late Han Dynasty

Tang Dynasty History Zhao Guang (c.598–634), Courtesy name Zigong was a Military General and Polictician of the Tang Dynasty he serve as Chancellor under Emperor Taizong he help Taizong overcome his Rival Liang Guang during the Wu Tang Contention he was regard as one of Fives Heros of Taizong along with Fang Xuanling Du Ruhui Wei Zheng and Zhuge Yong who contribution many success during Taizong Reign Early Life Rebellion during the Sui Dynasty Servince under Li Shimin Assisted Li Shimin in unified China Battle of Hulao Xuanwu Gate Incident The Wu Tang Contention Battle of Jiangling 627 Death Appraisal Zhao Guang was known to be very strict in law regulation he took scholarly pursuit in his early life then then become a General he was earnest Military Comander Taizong made a remark about Zhao Guang if it weren't for Zhao Guang I would not be able to Overcome the difficulty I had tow face against Lu Che

Zhang Guo (c. 591–672), courtesy name Shaoren was a politician and painter who live in the Early Eastern Yin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty he was perhaps best known for painting protrait of the four best known emperor of the Yin Dynasty Liu Quan Liu Xin Liu Hao And Liu Zhen

Pang Shen (c. 778–852), courtesy name Linghuai was a military general who live in the late Eastern Yin Dynasty and late Tang Dynasty Pang is often known as hero of Yin Dynasty in life and and his Grandson Pang Wei detail about his grandfather life serving as a general he soon become highly praise by Chen Chong the Chancellor of the Yin Dynasty

Chen Chong (c. 755–820), courtesy name Yuande was the lasts Chancellor of the Eastern Yin Dynasty after his death Zhu Xian who usurp the throne cause the emperor to fled after his death and Zhu Xian declare his Emperor of Zhi Dynasty Chen Chong subordinate Yang Wen Who build up power that is Left by his Lord reestablish the Yin Dynasty Power and Put Emperor He to the Throne and later known as Southern Yin Dynasty

Xiangwu War History Guan Jian (c. 825–891), courtesy name Xuanzhen Was a military general and Politician in the late Southern Yin Dynasty Guan Jian was a good friend of Emperor Wu who was still a crown prince at the time when Emperor Wu ascended the throne they remain good friend until Guan oppose his suggesting to declare war anger Emperor Wu try to kill Guan Jian but defeated him initially gain control power prevent Emperor Wu from declare war later he died from huge fire Emperor Wu initial try to help him but decide to let him die in the flame eventually declare the war Emperor Wu Exterminated most of Guan Jian Family The war would last about 70 year until it was ended By His great grandson Guan Xiu

Guan Xiu (c. 935–1000), courtesy name Yunzheng was a Warlord in the Xiangwu War Period in the late Southern Yin Dynasty he was the Great Grandson of Guan Jian Guan Xiu began to raise army in the Central part of China in Jing Province he first recruited Zhu Shan And Zhang Xuan in his Army and invited Zhu Shan sister in his rank Guan first wander aimlessly suppress bandit group and make them his men he soon gather many follower to overthrown the Yin Dynasty soon he later become a chancellor for the renewal Yin Dynasty and of enthroment of Liu Zan  and founded the United Nation government With the Emperor Early Life Raise a Army at Jing Province Campaign against the Yin Force Recruit Zhuge Yun False Death and Exile Overthrown Emperor Liwu Becoming the Chancellor of Yin Death

Liu Zan (c. 935–1028), courtesy name Xianzhao was a Warlord in the Xiangwu War Period and Southern Yin Dynasty he was originally the Emperor Li Crown Prince until he was banish from the Imperial Clan for refusing to attack his Father he try to regain his honorer as crown prince by chasing after Guan Xiu and take him to his father a remain relative of Guan Jian Clan as he constantly failed he restore his honour as crown prince but constantly disappointed by His father and went to submit to Guan Xiu he soon become the New Emperor for the Yin Dynasty and founded the Northern Yin he also founded the United Nation with Guan Xiu serve as his regent and ended the the long last Civil Xiangyu War Period and now known as Emperor Zhao Liu Zan can be easily recognize by his scar in the side of His Face witch is most remember in Chinese Culture Early Life Liu Zan was the Eldest Son of Emperor Li he live in very fragid life he live with his mother Empress Guan and his younger brother Liu Qian Early life as Crown Prince Banish from Royalty Long aim pursuit on Guan Xiu Yin Massive Invasion on Jing Province Wu Conqueror By Yin Regain the tiles as Crown Prince Stepdown as Crown Prince and Join Guan Xiu Chang An Prison Break Overthrown his Father and His Brother Ending the Xiangwu War As The Emperor of Yin Early Reign Middle Reign Late Reign Abdication and instate Liu Guan as the New Emperor As a Ambassador of peace and as Taishang Huangdi

Zhu Shan (c. 935–1007), Courtesy name Shouzhang was Military General who serve under Warlord Guan Xiu in the Xiangyu War Period Early Life Service under Guan Xiu Death

Zhang Xian (c. 939–1012), Courtesy name Yizhong was a Military General who serve under Warlord Guan Xiu in the Xiangwu War Period Early Life Service under Guan Xiu Death

Huo Zhao (c. 935–1012), Courtesy name Xiaogao was Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Zan in the Xiangwu War Period Early Life Service under Liu Zan Death

Liang Wan.(c. 939–1015), Courtesy name Weiji was Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Zan in the Xiangwu War Period Early Life Service under Liu Zan Death

Xiang Jun (c. 939–1015), Courtesy name Xiaowen was a Military General who serve under Warlord Liu Zan in the Xiangwu War Period Early Life Service under Liu Zan Death

Chinese Historical Era

The Chu Han Zhou Contention 206 202 Western Chu Xiang Yu Fan Zeng Consort Yu Xiang He Ji Bu Xiang Bo Long Ju Zhongli Mo Yu Zhi

Han Liu Bang Sima Che Zhuge Yi Guan Zheng Zhang Liang Han Xin Xiao He Cao Shen Fan Kuai Zhang Yao Zhao Yuan Fa Cheng Wen Jin Ying Bu Peng Yue Huo Yong Yuan Rong Xu Quan Cai Tong

Eastern Zhou Ji Cheng Ji Zhu Consort Shi Zhen Jin

Prominent People of the Shu Wei Wu Contention 208 220 Shu Liu Bei Zhuge Liang Jian Yong Guan Yu Zhang Fei Zhao Yun Lady Gan Ma Chao Huang Zhong Gan Xin Chen Dao Zhang Rui Wei Yan Liao Hua Liu Cao Zhang Yi Huo Xiang Fa Zheng Huo Wen Mi Zhu Xiao Lang Sun Qian Li Yan Huang Quan Yan Yan Deng Zhi Huo Jun Ma Dai Liu Zong Liu Yu Guan Ping Yi Ji Wu Yi Ma Liang Dong He Liang Wen Zhang Ni Zhang Yi (Junsi)

Wei Cao Cao Lady Bian Cao Ang Cao Pi Xiahou Dun Xiahou Yuan Hou Teng Sima Yi Jia Xu Xun Yu Xu Chu Zhang Liao Yue Jin Li Dian Cao Ren Zang Ba Wei Zhong Xu Huang Ding Hong Zhang He Yu Jin Meng Yan Cao Hong Xu Shu Pang De Cao Xiu Cao Zhen Zhao Ang Lady Zhen Wang Yi Cao Zhang Cao Zhi Xun You Sima Lang

Wu Sun Jian Sun Quan Zhou Yu Lu Su Gongye Jin Fu Gong Lady Sun Lady Wu Huang Gai Gan Ning Taishi Ci Lu Meng Zhu Yuan Ling Tong Cheng Pu Xue Yong Zhang Zhao Xue Jin Lu Xun Zhuge Jin Xue Guan Xue Yong Pan Zhang Jiang Qin Xu Sheng Han Dang Zhu Zhi Zhu Ran Ying Zhang Peng Jue Deng Xiu Chen Yun Sun Xing

Other Figure Emperor Xian Empress Fu Shou Emperess Cao Jie Ma Teng Zhang Lu Han Sui Hou Xuan Cheng Yi Fu Jian Shi Dan Wang Yang Liao Cheng Li Han Liu Zhang Han Xuan Jin Xuan Liu Du Zhao Fan

Major Event The Sun Liu Territorial Dispute 208 215 Battle of Jiangling 214 Battle of Lukou 215 Zhou Yu Expedition for Jing 208 210 Battle of Changsha 209 Cao Cao Southern Expedition Former 210 213 Cao Cao Northwest Expedition 211 213 Cao Cao Southern Expedition Later 215 217 Liu Bei Conquest of Yi Province 213 214 Sun Jian Northern Expendition 208 215 Hou Teng Campaign against Wu 211 215 Hou Teng Campaign in Jing 211 215 Hanzhong Campaign 217 219 Lu Meng Invasion of Jing Province 219

Wu Tang Contention 626 634 Southern Wu Lu Che Mi Yang Consort Mi Liang Fa Zhou Qing

Tang Li Shimin Zhao Guang Yu Hongwei Fang Qiao Wei Zheng Du Ruhui Zhangsun Wuji Yuchi Gong Cheng Yaojin Li Jing Xiao Yu Liao Yihong Cao Fei Li Shiji Qin Qiong

Prominent People during the Xiangwu War Period 891 970 Emperor Wu Li

Xiaowu Rebel Guan Xiu Zhu Shan Lady Zhu Zhuge Yun Zhang Xian

Liu Zan Army Liu Zan Liu Guang Liang Wan Huo Zhao Xiang Jun

Later Zhou Guo Wei Guo Rong Zhao Hongyin

Song Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin Zhao Kuangyi Zhuge Tong Pan Mei Gao Huaide Yang Ye Cao Bin Lady Du